148 Dr. A. 8. Packard, Jun., on the Classification of 
Orthoptera, and is so composite a form, that it should be re- 
garded as the type of a distinct order, in which it was origi- 
nally placed by Leach, Kirby, Burmeister, and Westwood. 
Its composite nature is seen both in the elytra and the hind 
wings, which anticipate the Coleopterous type of wings. On 
the other hand, the larves resemble Japyx, the Thysanuran, 
with its anal forceps; and in most respects orficula is the 
lowest, most decided stem form of the Phyloptera. 
The Dermatoptera are characterized by the flatness of the 
body and the large terminal forceps. The head is flat, hori- 
zontal in position, while the presence of the V-shaped epicra- 
nial suture is a sign of inferiority, as it is characteristic of 
Thysanura and Platypteran larve as well as of Colecpterous 
larve. The remarkable thoracic structure, which is described 
further on, as wellas the curious overlapping of the abdominal 
tergites, forbid our uniting the Dermatoptera with the Ortho- 
ptera. The small short elytra and the very large, rounded, 
longitudinally and once crossfolded hind wings, which remind 
us rather of the Coleoptera than Orthoptera, are also important 
diagnostic features. Finally the metamorphosis of the Der- 
matoptera is even less complete than that of the Orthoptera. 
The ligula is bifid, being divided into a pair of two-jointed 
paraglosse. The labium is thus similar to that of the Or- 
thoptera, though scarcely more like them than like Zermes. 
Order 2. ORTHOPTERA. 
The head is more or less vertical in position; the front is 
very latge, broad, and long, the epicranial region very large 
and often hypertrophied. ‘The clypeus is large and subdivided 
as in Pseudoneuroptera. In the Orthoptera, as a rule, the 
deeply-cleft ligula is indistinctly four-lobed, the outer pair of 
paraglossxe very well developed, while the inner pair is minute 
or undeveloped, as in the Acrydii, especially Caloptenus ; but 
in the Locustarie the ligula is four-lobed, and in the Gryllide 
decidedly so. In the Mantide and Blattarie the ligula is 
plainly four-lobed, nearly as much so as in the Termitide. 
In the Phasmide the ligula is intermediate in form between 
the Mantide and Locustarie. 
The prothorax is usually remarkably large, particularly the 
notum. ‘The meso- and metanotum exactly repeat each other, 
and the metanotum is usually (Acrydii and Locustariz) longer 
and larger than the mesonotum, the hind wings being almost 
uniformly much larger than the anterior pair. The pleurites 
are very large and square as well as high, the episterna and 
epimera being large and oblong and equally developed. The 
