the Orders of Orthoptera and Neuroptera. 149 
sternites are very large and broad. The coxe are sometimes 
(Blatta) very large; the hind legs in the Acrydii are much 
larger than the anterior pairs. ‘The fore wings are narrower 
than the hinder pair, and show a slight tendency to become 
subelytriform; on the other hand, the hind wings are very 
large and broad, distinctly net-veined, with numerous longi- 
tudinal veins, and they fold up longitudinally. 
The abdomen has eleven uromeres, the eleventh forming a 
triangular tergite. The cercopoda are often (Blatta, Mantis, 
&c.) multiarticulate and well developed, while the ovipositor 
is often large and perfect. The metamorphosis is more in- 
complete than in the Pseudoneuroptera. 
With the exclusion of the Forficularie, the Orthoptera, as 
here restricted, are a tolerably well-circumscribed group 3 and 
though there are great structural differences between the fami- 
lies, yet the connexion or sequence of the families from the 
Blattarie through the Phasmide and Mantide and Acrydi 
to the Locustariz, and finally the highest family, the Gryllidee, 
is one which can be distinctly perceived. ‘There is no occa- 
sion for a subdivision of the order into groups higher than 
families, as the Blattariz are but a family removed from the 
Mantide. 
Order 3. PSEUDONEUROPTERA, Hrichson. 
It is difficult, if not impossible, to satisfactorily characterize 
by a sharp-cut definition this very elastic order. As regards 
the thorax, there is no uniformity in the structure that we 
have been able to discover, nor is there in the structure of the 
wings, nor more than a general resemblance in the mouth- 
parts. 
The definition of the Pseudoneuroptera in Hagen’s ‘ Synop- 
sis of the Neuroptera of North America,’ as given in the ana- 
lytical table, which is stated in a footnote to have been prepared 
at the request of the Smithsonian Institution by Baron Osten 
Sacken, gives no fundamental characters based on a study of 
the trunk. Those mentioned are what we have called peri- 
pheral characters, 7. e. those drawn from the mouth-parts, 
wings, and appendages. So far as we know, no satisfactory 
definition of the Pseudoneuroptera has ever been given. In 
Hagen’s ‘Synopsis,’ among the other superficial characters 
given are these:—‘‘ Lower lip mostly cleft;” ‘ antenne 
either subulate and thin, the tarsi three- to five-articulate, or 
setiform or filiform, in which case the tarsi are two- to four- 
articulate.’ ‘These characters, though superficial, are the 
most important yet presented, perhaps (disregarding the 
