some Earthworms from India. 221 
8th segments, are the slit-like orifices of the spermathece. 
Dorsal pores exist in the segments behind the clitellum; they 
are, as in other earthworms, situated near the anterior margin 
of each segment. 
Alimentary canal.—The mouth, which is precisely terminal 
in position and not ventral, leads into a small buccal cavity 
separated from the pharynx by a slight constriction. The 
latter is somewhat square in outline and broader behind than 
in front ; it extends back as far as the 4th or 5th segment, 
and is attached to the body-wall by a number of muscles and 
tendinous bands, which collectively represent the mesenteries 
of this portion of the body. The upper surface of the pharynx 
is covered by a rich vascular network. 
The cesophagus is long, and occupies segments 5-8 ; it is 
supported (fig. 2) by two large and thick mesenteries 
which form the boundary-line between the 5th and 6th and 
the 6th and 7th segments. Behind the cesophagus is the 
gizzard, divided into two portions—an anterior small thin- 
walled compartment, and a large thick-walled portion, the 
gizzard proper; this last has a nacreous appearance on the 
outside, and is lined by a very thick chitinous layer. The 
gizzard occupies two segments which, as usual, are not sepa- 
rated from each other by a distinct mesentery, though two ten- 
dinous bands, by which the lower surface of the gizzard is 
attached to the body-wall, are probably the representatives of 
a mesentery ; at the hinder extremity of the gizzard, from the 
upper surface, a pair of stronger tendinous bands are given off, 
which traverse the mesentery lying immediately behind it, 
and are fixed to the ventral wall of the body. ‘The cesophagus 
(fig. 2) is in like manner fixed in its place by similar tendi- 
nous bands. 
Behind the gizzard follows the rest of the cesophagus, which 
at about the 17th segment passes into the intestine; the latter 
is distinguished by its greater calibre and somewhat thinner 
walls. 
On the dorsal surface of the intestine, rather before the 
end of the middle third of the body, is developed a glandular 
mass (fig. 2). ‘This consists of five separate glandular bodies 
occupying as many segments and increasing slightly in size 
from before backwards. In one specimen (apparently a 
young one) the posterior two glands were bilobed; in the 
other specimen that | examined, which had a fully developed 
clitellum, and was therefore adult, all were bilobed. ‘The 
whole glandular mass is yellowish white in colour, and from 
one fourth to one third of an inch in length. It is situated 
above the dorsal vessel, which here appears to be considerably 
