326 Mr. H. J. Carter’s Contributions to our 
latter presents a granulated surface, which the former in the 
illustrations does not. Fig. 2 (Bk. /. c.) also, which is intended 
to represent the dermal expansion (in short, the ‘ incrusta- 
tion”) of one of the bundles of spicules (that is, the ‘ scopi- 
form process” emanating from the axial structure) after 
having passed through the subdermal cavities, hardly, in its 
circumscribed umbrella-like form, realizes the interunion of 
such expansions to form the dermal crust, as might be antici- 
pated, nor is it indicated by Dr. Bowerbank’s description 
(op. et l. c. p. 297). In Saville Kent’s specimen, the “ peni- 
cillate organ’ is much larger and longer, while the granu- 
lated surface, when viewed from the interior, may be observed 
to be formed by the apex of the “ umbrella’’-like expansions 
as they interunite at the circumference to form the white 
crust. The illustration of C. penicillus (op. et l. c.) closely 
resembles in figure that of Leucophleus massalis, only the 
latter is more compact towards the centre, but the form of 
the spicule is the same, viz. acuate. while the two other 
species of Ciocalypta present acerate spicules ; still, in each, 
there is only one form of spicule, faced by an intermingling of 
asmall one of the same form, which thus thickens and in- 
creases the whiteness of the dermal layer. 
Order VI. HOLORHAPHIDOTA. 
Family 1. RENIERIDA. 
Char. “ Spicules more or less arranged in a fibrous form. 
Structure yielding to pressure like crumb of bread” (‘ Annals,’ 
igesnalss). 
New group. Phleodictyina. 
(See char. ‘ Annals,’ 1882, vol. x. p. 117.) 
Phlaodictyon singaporense, n. sp. 
(PI. XIII. fig. 17, a, 0.) 
This specimen, now incomplete, seems when entire to have 
been globular, but having been cut off horizontally from the 
base, presents a convex or subhemispherical form, from the 
surface of which several blind, hollow, tubular appendages 
are prolonged. Consistence fragile. Colour said to be 
“bright yellow” when fresh, but now, in its dried state, 
brown. Surface uniformly even, except where interrupted by 
the tubular prolongations. Pores and vents not seen. ‘Tubu- 
lar appendages hollow, ten in number, of which five only 
remain entire, two of which are bifureated ; one appendage, of 
which the aperture alone remains, was much larger than the 
a. 
