202 Mr. H. J. Carter on the Polytremata. 



p. 311, pi. iv.), which I believe all have accepted except Dr. 

 Bowerbank and Prof. Hackel (' Die Kalkschwiirame/ 1872, 

 vol. i. p. 456, footnote), I considered the myth so great that, 

 to do away with the impression here also, I gave it Max 

 Schultze's generic name of Squamulina, seeing that its foot 

 or base of attachment consisted of a submultilocular test of this 

 (Rotaline) kind, while the superstructure Avhicli grows from 

 the summit of the test, resembling a little brush, was speci- 

 fically designated " scopula " — the internal sarcodic contents 

 and the peculiar form presented by the extended pseudopodia 

 during active life being identical with that of a foraminiferous 

 animal. Now Hackel regards it as a " polyp, which he names 

 Gastrojihysema " (!) [ap. Lankester, ' Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci.' 

 Jan. 1870, p. 57). It is useless to criticise such vacillation. 



When, again, the late Dr. Gray gave the name of " Carteria''^ 

 to the spongeous head of Hyalonema Sieholdii, under the idea 

 that the latter was a parasitic sponge developed upon the ex- 

 tremity of a glassy cord produced by a polype (Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 1867, p. 540), I tacitly rejected the myth by not adopting it. 



And now for similar reasons I propose to do away with 

 Dr. Gray's name of Carpenteria by substituting for it Risso's 

 generic one oi Polytremaj thereby hoping to get rid entirely 

 of the mythical impression conveyed by the former, which 

 has hitherto been that it represents a hybrid, half foraminifer, 

 half sponge. 



As has been above stated, there is a sharp line of distinc- 

 tion between the Foraminifera and the Sponges, even if we 

 had not the presence of the spongozoon in the latter to con- 

 firm this ; but with the latter it is impossible to confound 

 sponges with any of the Rhizopoda, all of which, viz. Arcella, 

 Difjiiigia, Trinema^ Euglyplia^ Gromidj together with the 

 Foraminifera and the species of Radiolaria [Haliomma^ vide 

 p. 197) that I have examined, respectively possess within their 

 test a sarcodic animal substance like that of Amceha, which, 

 issuing after the manner of pseudopodia from one or more 

 apertures of the test, and drawing in crude food thereby, 

 whose egesta are discharged through the same orifices, possess 

 but one course for both, Wke, Actinia and the polyps generally ; 

 while sponges, possessing two courses and two kinds of 

 apertures, viz. one for taking in crude food and another for 

 discharging the egesta, which is effected by groups of distinct 

 animals (the spongozoa) imbedded in the sponge-structure, 

 are more like the Compound Tunicata in this respect. Hence 

 I have long since stated ('Annals,' 1873, vol. xii. pp. 27, 28) 

 that the " embryos " of some of the Compound Tunicata, as 

 seen in the gelatinous mass, " have very much the appearance 



