I "JO DwiGHT, Summer Birds of the Pennsylvania Alleghanies. [April 



Bradford Counties were traversed, my longest stay being on 

 North Mountain where several days were spent. 



Previous observers, with few exceptions, do not refer directly 

 to the region under discussion, nor have they always distin- 

 guished between summer visitants and migrants, so that tliey 

 cannot be quoted for comparisons. There are two exceptions, 

 — one an old record of careful observations made early in the 

 forties by the Messrs. Baird* and the other Dr. Warren's recent 

 volumes, t 



The Baird lists are briefly annotated, but they illustrate how 

 well such work could be done even fiftv years ago. Breeding birds 

 are marked with an asterisk, this often showing that an occa- 

 sional species of the Canadian avifauna bred near Carlisle, which, 

 it will be observed, lies on the easternmost slopes of the outlying 

 ridges of the mountains. The majority of the birds of these lists 

 are Alleghanian with a goodly sprinkling of the Carolinian 

 types, while it is w^orthy of notice that, though the birds of my 

 list are chiefly Alleghanian, the Canadian element is strongly 

 marked, and nowhere, not even in the valleys, did I meet with 

 Carolinian forms. 



Dr. Warren's book (the 1890 edition) contains the only exten- 

 sive and accurate information we have had concerning the bird 

 life of the mountain regions. This, however, is scattered through 

 the pages of a large book of a jDopular character, and the impor- 

 tance of many of the statements is not sufliciently emphasized. 



Reference to almost any map will show that the Appalachian 

 Alountain system enters southern and southwestern Pennsylvania 

 in a series of parallel ridges which curve to the northeast and 

 pass out of the State at its northeastern corner. The crest of the 



* List of birds found in the vicinity of Carlisle, Cumberland County, Penn., about 

 Lat. 40° 12' N., Lon. 77° u' W., by Wm. M. andS. F. Baird, Silliman's Am. Journal, 

 XLVI, 1844, pp. 261-273; and Catalogue of birds found in the neighborhood of Car- 

 lisle, Cumberland Co., Pa., by S. F. Baird, Lit. Rec. and Journ. Linn. Ass. of Penna. 

 College, L 184s, pp. 249-257. 



+ Report on the Birds of Pennsylvania by B. H. Warren, M. D., 1888, and a later 

 revised edition, 1890. 



Since the above was written a paper has been published that bears directly upon 

 the mountain fauna, entitled 'The Summer Birds of Harvey's Lake, Luzerne Co., 

 Penna., with Remarks on the Faunal Position of the Region," by Witmer Stone. 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, pp. 431-438). 



