iSgz] DwicuT, Stiininrr Bircfs of the Pennsylvania AUegha)iie$. 133 



great beauty. The trees growing from the precipitous rocks on 

 either hand arch overhead, admitting occasional bursts of sun- 

 shine that dance in the clear and sparkling water. Here the 

 tiny Winter Wrens were at home and were foimd along the 

 brawling brook, as long as it was covered in by the forest shade. 

 When, however, it emerged into the open farming country in the 

 valley below (here many miles l)road and of an elevation not ex- 

 ceeding looo feet), they and the Juncos and the Magnolia War- 

 blers and all the other Canadian species were left behind in the 

 coolness brought down froin the mountain by the I'ajiid stream. 



Cresson and the adjacent country lack the wildness and inac- 

 cessibility of North Mountain.' At Cresson maybe found some 

 of the densest of rhododendron swamps, but they are not exten- 

 sive. Laurel also grows, but it is far more abundant on North 

 Mountain where the rhododendron was not seen. There was an 

 absence of forest-loving birds, although Blackburnian, Black- 

 throated Green, and Black-throated Blue Warblers were to be 

 found in the isolated patches of woods, particularly when they 

 contained cold springs, and then Water Thrushes and Canadian 

 Warblers were often present. There were some wet meadows 

 at Cresson where a few Red-winged Blackbirds and a colony or 

 two of Savanna Sparrows were nesting, and in general it may be 

 stated that the species in greatest abundance were those of the 

 open fields. At Gallitzin, a few miles north of Cresson, the 

 charred stubs in clearings about coke ovens had their effect in 

 soiling the plumage of many of the birds. Still further north 

 along the crest of the mountains is a region of second growth 

 oak, often 'scrubby,' where few birds were found, though the 

 Chestnut-sided Warbler was rather abundant, and beyond this 

 is Wopsononock Mountain, which has been nearly cleared of 

 forest. Where fire has swept its broad top is a considerable 

 tract of open 'barrens' grown up with blueberry bushes, sweet- 

 fern, and brakes. Here I met with the only Mourning Warbler 

 observed, and on its very top, among a few scattered yellow 

 pines, I foimd a pair of Hermit Thrushes and a few Solitary 

 Vireos. 



At all the localities visited the Junco was constantly met with, 

 even down to looo feet elevation, but was nowhere abundant. 

 It maybe regarded as a species typical of the southward extension 

 of the Canadian avifauna which seems to be largely influenced 



