I "2 A. DwiGiiT, Summer Birds of the Pennsylvania Allcghanics. [April 



in clistiibutioa by the forest. The coohiess of forest shade seems 

 to be the equivalent of higher altitudes. 



As June was well advanced at the times of my visits, it is safe 

 to say that all the birds seen were summer residents. A good 

 many young l)irds were on the wing, and the woods were full of 

 song, so that it was possible to recognize and secure many spe- 

 cies that otherwise would have escaped detection. 



Unless otherwise indicated in the following list, it will be 

 understood that the birds were noted both in the vicinity of Cres- 

 son and on North Mountain, and without doubt the intervening 

 region will be found to contain practically the same species. 

 This is already proved in part by the reports of observers in the 

 intervening counties of Centre, Clinton, and Lycoming, as pub- 

 lished in Dr. Warren's book. 



vSuch species as did not come under my personal observation 

 have been placed in brackets in the following list which I think 

 shows that the mountain regions of Pennsylvania partake far 

 more of the Canadian element than has been generally sup- 

 posed. Here are some of the most distinctly northern species 

 and manv of them were abundant in suitable localities. 



SphjrapicLis variiis. 

 Empidonax flaviventris. 

 Loxia curvirostra minor. 

 Jiinco hyeinalis, 

 Dendroica c;i;riilescens. 

 Dendroica maculosa. 

 Dendroica blackburnise. 

 Seiurus noveboracensis. 



Geothlypis Philadelphia. 

 Sj'lvania canadensis. 

 Troglodytes hiemalis. 

 Certhia familiaris americana. 

 Regulus satrapa. 

 Turdus ustulatus swainsonii. 

 Turdns aonalaschkse pallasii. 



None of the species in the list which now follows have been 

 marked as breeding because, with a few obvious exceptions, all 

 the birds mentioned undoubtedly nested within a short distance 

 of the spot where they were encountered. 



Ardea virescens. Green Heron. — One was seen on two occasions 

 along a swampy brook at Cresson. There is little to tempt this species, 

 or in fact any of the water birds, to the plateau region. 



.^gialitis vocifera. Killdeer. — A single pair was found in an open 

 pasture at Cresson. 



Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse. — As might be expected this spe- 

 cies was far more abundant in the forest on North Mountain than about 

 Cresson. The ruddy tint of the tails was apparent, though but one speci- 



