4 TowNSEND AND Bent, Buds of Labrador. [fan 



gray limestone rocks, of which also the large group of Mingan 

 Islands, from the Peroqueets on the west to St. Genevieve Island 

 on the east, are composed. These limestones are in horizontal 

 strata and are carved by the sea into numerous shapes of pillars, 

 mushrooms, arches and caverns. 



The high land at the westerly entrance to the Bay of Seven 

 Islands as well as the mountainous islands there, and the islands 

 to the eastward of the Mingan Islands are composed of Laurentian 

 gneisses and granites, as are also the coastal ranges of mountains 

 already referred to. The larger Mingan Islands are forested and 

 contain elevated barrens or bogs like the mainland. 



The bird fauna of this region of Labrador we found to be chiefly 

 Canadian with a considerable Hudsonian element and of some birds 

 that are often found in the Alleghanian zone. The only element of 

 arctic fauna that we found was, as already stated, a pair of breeding 

 Northern Horned Larks at Natashquan. Horned Larks, Snow 

 Buntings and Pipits were, however, found during the earlier part 

 of our stay on the coast, but were evidently late migrants. 



Of Hudsonian birds the following we found to be summer resi- 

 dents in this part of the Peninsula: Pigeon Hawk, Lincoln's 

 Sparrow, Fox Sparrow, Wilson's Warbler, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 

 and Alice's Thrush. White-crowned and Tree Sparrows w^ere 

 migrants only to the west of Betchewun. Whether they remained 

 to breed to the east of this point we do not know as we left that 

 region on June 1 before the migration was finished. We saw a 

 few White-winged Crossbills and Redpolls which were apparently 

 wandering or migrating birds. Although some of the others are 

 birds whose range includes the Hudsonian as well as the Canadian 

 ■zones, such as the Spruce Grouse, Labrador Jay, Black-poll 

 Warbler, W'inter Wren and Hudsonian Chickadee, the majority 

 are birds of the Canadian zone, while a few, although often found 

 in the Canadian zone, are sometimes classed as birds of the Alle- 

 ghanian zone, such as the Marsh Hawk, Belted Kingfisher, Northern 

 Flicker, American Crow, Bluejay, Black-and-white and Black- 

 throated Green Warblers, and Redstart. 



While the American Eider, Great Black-backed Gull, Common 

 Tern and Double-crested Cormorant still breed in considerable 

 numbers along this strip of southern coast, it is evident that Puffins 



