^ 1910 ] Howell, Summer Birds of Kentucky and Tennessee. 295 



NOTES OX THE SUMMER BIRDS OF KENTUCKY AND 

 TENNESSEE. 



BY ARTHUR H. HOWELL. 



In the course of field work for the Biological Survey during the 

 seasons of 190S and 1909 I visited a number of localities in Kentucky 

 and Tennessee and made notes on the birds observed. Com- 

 paratively little time was spent at each locality, so that the lists 

 are necessarily far from complete, but in view of the very limited 

 amount of published information on the birds of these two States 

 it seems best to place on record the results of my observations. 



For the sake of convenience in future reference the lists from each 

 State will be presented separately. 



Kentucky. 



In 1908, two localities in the extreme eastern part of the State 

 were visited, namely : Big Black Mountain on July 24 and Barbours- 

 ville, August 9-13. Big Black Mountain is in the eastern part of 

 Harlan County, close to the Virginia line. It is a part of the 

 Cumberland Range and is the highest mountain in the State (4100 

 feet). Barboursville is in Knox County, on the Cumberland River, 

 at an altitude of about 1000 feet. 



In 1909, five localities in the central and eastern parts of the 

 State were visited, namely: Rockport, June 23, 24; Hawesville, 

 June 2.5-28; ]Mammoth Cave, June 29- July 5; Midway, July 6-11 ; 

 and Jackson, July 12-14. 



The greater part of the State is in the Upper Austral Zone. The 

 Lower Austral Zone is found in the extreme western part in the 

 Mississippi and Ohio bottoms as far east as Paducah. The Tran- 

 sition Zone occupies only the summit of Big Black Mountain above 

 3000 feet and small isolated areas in the Cumberland Range at 

 somewhat lower altitudes, in shaded ravines having a northern 

 exposure. These narrow tongues of the Transition Zone reach in 

 some places as low as 1600 feet. 



