V0l i9^6 CI11 ] Dwight, The White-winged Gulls. 39 



rating kumlieni from the two species last mentioned. The tail 

 feathers, like those of glaucescens, while largely white may show 

 gray patches, chiefly on the inner webs. 



Second Nuptial Plumage. — The body plumage is renewed 

 more or less at the second prenuptial moult, and I find evidence 

 of this in several specimens, notably one in the collection of Mr. 

 Win. Brewster (No. 10052, Nova Scotia, March 8). Another 

 bird in my own collection (No. 11577, Sable Island, Nova Scotia, 

 March 19, 1903) is also moulting and is of particular interest 

 because it is in a body plumage largely white, like the phase seen 

 in both glaucus and leucopterus. The primaries of this bird are, 

 however, quite dark brown, and there are other evidences of a 

 faded brown mottled dress, so that it is probably a bird passing 

 through the first prenuptial moult. 



Third Winter Plumage. — Just as in the other gulls, this species 

 after the second postnuptial moult assumes (except perhaps in a 

 very few cases) the adult plumage, which is figured for the first 

 time on the accompanying Plate I, by Mr. L. A. Fuertes, from 

 an adult female in my collection (No. 9039, Sable* Island, Nova 

 Scotia, March 29, 1902). The text figure (Fig. 1) shows how this 

 bird, C, differs in the pattern of the primaries from the type, A 

 (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 76225, Cumberland Sound, June 14, 1878), 

 and I have also shown further variation in B (Coll. of E. Smith, 

 No. 13631, Feb., Bay of Fundy) and in D (Coll. of E. A. & O. 

 Bangs, No. 10709, 9 , Newfoundland, March 26). Mr. Brewster 

 has so accurately described the type (Bull. N. O. C, VIII, 1883, 

 p. 216) that no further description is necessary. We have in 

 kumlieni a bird practically the size and color of leucopterus, but 

 with slaty or brownish sub terminal bars and shadings on several 

 of the primaries, markings that neither leucopterus nor glaucescens 

 ever have. The nearest approach to the former species may be 

 found in a specimen (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 161845, 9 , Baffinland, 

 August) that lacks the bars but shows another distinctive character, 

 to wit, a slaty outer web of the first primary to within a couple 

 of inches of its apex. Dark markings also appear on the outer 

 webs of the second and third primaries in this specimen. Adults 

 therefore appear to vary from birds with bands on the second, 

 third and fourth primaries to those in which the bands are more 



