444 Fleming, Birds of Toronto, Ontario. [££ k 



29. Lophodytes cucullatus. Hooded Merganser. — Common migrant, 

 March 29 to the end of April; in the fall the first flight occurs in August 

 (August 15, 1897), and from October 26 to November 9 (probably to the 

 end of November). 



30. Anas boschas. Mallard. — Rare migrant; I have records only 

 for November, but my records are incomplete. 



31. Anas obscura. Black Duck. — Common migrant, March and 

 April; the first return in August (rarely in July), plentiful in October and 

 November; earliest record March 15, 1899, latest December 6, 1897. 



This is the breeding form in southern Ontario north at least to the 

 Muskoka Lakes; a female taken alive on her nest at Barnsdale, Lake 

 Joseph, in May, 1905, belonged to this form, and it is no doubt the breed- 

 ing form much further north. 



32. Anas obscura rubripes. Red-legged Black Duck. — Common 

 migrant. The dates given for the Black Duck include this rather doubtful 

 form, which remains later and consequently more are taken in the fall 

 than of the other. 



33. Chaulelasmus streperus. Gadwall. — Rare migrant; a male in 

 Mr. Maughan's collection taken November 2, 1901. 



34. Mareca americana. American Widgeon. — Regular migrant; 

 not common; the only dates I have are April 12 and October 27. 



35. Nettion carolinensis. Green-winged Teal. — Regular migrant, 

 March 28 to probably May 1, returning early in September; latest record 

 November 24, 1897. 



36. Querquedula discors. Blue-winged Teal. — Regular migrant, 

 April 2 to May 15 (May 31, 1906) and from July 28 to October 5. Not as 

 common as it was; said to have formerly bred. 



37. Spatula clypeata. ShovELLER. — Rare migrant; spring records 

 are unusual; all the fall records are between September 1 and 27. 



38. Dafila acuta. Pintail. — Regular migrant, not very common. 

 April 6 is my only spring record; in the fall, October 20 to December 6. 



39. Aix sponsa. Wood Duck. — Regular migrant; April 1 to May 

 10; in the fall from late in August to October 27. 



40. Aythya americana. Redhead. — Common migrant, and an irreg- 

 ular winter resident; a flock remained during the winter of 1901-02, leav- 

 ing on March 15. A small flock of non-breeding birds remained through 

 the summer of 1906, but they usually leave before April 16. 



This duck decreased till about 1890 when no birds were seen; the 

 increase began soon afterwards and they rapidly regained their old 

 numbers. 



41. Aythya vallisneria. Canvas-back. — Rare winter resident. A 

 small flock was here in the winter of 1900-01; a male was taken on Feb- 

 ruary 23, 1901, and a flock was reported on November 21; another male 

 was taken on March 31, 1905. 



Canvas-backs were practically unknown here for many years, due no 

 doubt to the general decrease that took place soon after that of the Red- 

 heads in eastern North America; the increase has resulted in a wide 



