VOl i906" in ] Fleming, Birds of Toronto, Ontario. 445 



extension of range, and recently Lake Ontario has been visited regularly 

 by small flocks. Lake Erie seems to be still the center of abundance 

 on the Great Lakes. 



42. Aythya marila. Scaup Duck. — Common migrant and regular 

 winter resident, from October IS to March 4 (April 16, 1906). A small 

 flock of non-breeding birds remained during the summer of 1906. 



43. Aythya affinis. Lesser Scaup Duck. — ■ Common migrant; does 

 not winter here; arrives in March, remaining till May (May 22, 1S94); 

 earliest fall record July 21, 1890, latest October 29, 1895. 



44. Aythya collaris. Ring-neck Duck. — Rare migrant, April 1 to 

 May 15. 



45. Clangulaclangulaamericana. American Golden-eye. — Common 

 migrant, and a regular winter resident, November 23 to April 27; Mr. Nash 

 gives May 6 as latest date. 



46. Clangula islandica. Barrow's Golden-eye. — One record, a 

 male, taken April 18, 1885, recorded by Mr. Ernest Seton 1 ; this specimen 

 was not preserved. 



47. Charitonetta albeola. Buffle-head. — Common migrant, April 

 20 to May 1; earliest February 27, 1894; latest November 13, 1900. 



48. Harelda hyemalis. Old-squaw. — An abundant winter resident, 

 November 15 to May 12 (latest June 2, 1899). Whenever the western 

 channel is free of ice, flocks of many hundreds of Cowheen, as they are 

 called here, assemble to feed on the sewerage that flows into Toronto Bay 

 at that point, and become very tame, allowing a close study of their habits; 

 many die of starvation during the winter. In 1894 birds taken on May 2 

 were in full winter plumage, and by May 12 some were in full summer 

 plumage and others had only partially changed, but as a rule they leave 

 before changing. 



49. Histrionicus histrionicus. Harlequin Duck. — Migrant, prob- 

 ably accidental. A female recorded by Mr. Ernest Seton, 2 and a male (no 

 date), are in the collection of Mr. Maughan; a male (no date), and a female 

 taken October 20, 1894, 3 are in my collection; both females are adults 

 and the males are in moulting plumage; all four are, I think, fall birds, 



50. Somateria spectabilis. King Eider. — Not uncommon in No- 

 vember and December; a few remain through the winter (February 4, 1889, 

 Hamilton, Ont.). Birds in full plumage are rare; a male taken on Novem- 

 ber 18, 1895," by Mr. Nash, now in the collection of Mr. J. H. Ames, is fully 

 adult. Males in winter plumage and females in the full red plumage are 

 rare, the majority being young. The males predominate. The usual 

 dates are November 6 to December 6. 



51. Oidemia americana. American Scoter. — Regular fall migrant, 

 in October and probably November, never common; adult females are 



i Auk, II, 1885, 337. 



2 Auk, II, 1885, 337. 



3 Auk, XVII, 1900, 176. 

 * Auk, XIII, 1896, 347. 



