° 1914 " J Tinker, Ornithology oj Clay and Palo Alto Counties, la. 73 



LOCAL DISTRIBUTION OF BIRDS. 



As was to be expected the birds may be divided rather sharply 

 into five groups — woodland, prairie, meadow, aquatic (including 

 waders), and marsh forms. There is some overlapping because 

 some of the prairie forms will nest in the groves, some of the marsh 

 forms feed on the prairie, and some of the woodland forms nest on 

 fence posts, telegraph poles, etc., on the prairie and may feed there, 

 but the five groups are nevertheless rather well defined. The more 

 common species and the major habitats which they frequent are 

 as follows: 



Woodlands (Starred species only observed as migrants) : Mourn- 

 ing Dove, Flicker, Kingbird, Phoebe, Robin, Bluebird, Bob-white, 

 Long-eared Owl, Screech Owl, Black-billed Cuckoo, Yellow- 

 billed Cuckoo (marginal forests only). Downy Woodpecker, Red- 

 headed Woodpecker, Least Flycatcher, Alder Flycatcher, Blue 

 Jay (marginal forests only). Orchard Oriole, Baltimore Oriole, 

 Bronzed Grackle, Goldfinch, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Warbling 

 Vireo, Black and white Warbler*, Yellow Warbler, W^ilson's War- 

 bler,* Catbird, Brown Thrasher, Parkman's Wren, Long-tailed 

 Chickadee, Bay-breasted Warbler*, Song Sparrow, Cowbird. 



Prairies: Prairie Chicken, Upland Plover, Flicker, Nighthawk, 

 Arkansas Kingbird, Prairie Horned Lark, Dickcissel, Western 

 Grasshopper Sparrow, Migrant Shrike, Bluebird, Short-eared Owl, 

 Kingbird, Tree Swallow. 



Meadows: Bobolink, Dickcissel, Marsh Hawk, Short-eared Owl, 

 American Bittern, Meadowlark. 



Swamps: Black Tern, American Bittern, Least Bittern, King 

 Rail, Virginia Rail, Sora Rail, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Red- 

 winged Blackbird, Swamp Sparrow, Maryland Yellow-throat, 

 Prairie Marsh Wren, Short-billed Marsh Wren. 



Aquatic Habitats and Beaches (Starred species only observed as 

 migrants) : Semipalmated Plover*, Stilt Sandpiper*, Pectoral Sand- 

 piper*, Least Sandpiper*, Solitary Sandpiper*, Spotted Sandpiper, 

 Yellowlegs*, Greater Yellowlegs*, Killdeer, Pied-billed Grebe, 

 Blue-winged Teal, Shoveller, Great Blue Heron, Green Heron, 

 Florida Gallinule, Coot, Kingfisher. 



