° 1912 ] TowNSEND, Summer Birds of (he St. John Valley, N. B. 19 



that are characteristic of the AUeghanian Zone/ while the shore to 

 the eastward, which feels more strongly the arctic current — for 

 icebergs float as far west as Natashquan — is the summer home of 

 Hudsonian and Arctic birds. It is possible that the Canadian 

 fauna reaches the Mingan region of Labrador by way of the valley 

 of the St. Lawrence, or by the migration routes from the St. John 

 valley just sketched, thence north across the narrow part of the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence over the island of Anticosti, or by both routes. 

 Much further study is needed to elucidate these problems. 



The following is a briefly annotated list of the birds observed, 

 all of which are, I believe, summer residents. 



1. Larus argentatus. Herring Gull. — A few in the harbor of St. 

 John. 



2. Sterna hirundo. Common Tern. — A few in the Kennebecasis 

 River, and on the St. John River all the way from St. John to Frederic- 

 ton. At Wickham and Upper Greenwich birds were frequently seen flying 

 down the river with small fish hanging from their bills, while the return 

 trips were made without the fish. 



3. Phalacrocorax auritus auritus. Double-crested Cormo- 

 rant. — A single bird, apparently of this species, seen on the river aboxit 

 eight miles above St. John. 



4. Anas rubripes tristis. Black Duck. — A few above Upper Green- 

 wich. 



5. Clangula clangula americana. Whistler. — One seen on July 

 12 on the Kennebecasis. 



6. Botaurus lentiginosus. Bittern. — One at Queenstown, July 26. 



7. Ardea herodias herodias. Great Blue Heron.— Not uncom- 

 mon on the Kennebecasis and on the St. John above Upper Greenwich. 



8. Philohela minor. Woodcock. — Two seen at Glenwood, July 17. 



9. Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper.— Common along the 

 rivers and brooks. 



10. Bonasa umbellus togata. Canadian Ruffed Grouse. — 

 Several at Glenwood and at Tapper Greenwich. 



11. Zenaidura macroura carolinensis. Mourning Dove. — A 

 pair nesting in a spruce at Glenwood, July 20. 



12. Circus hudsonius. Marsh Hawk. — One at Wickham, August 4. 



13. Accipiter velox. Sharp-shinned Hawk. — One seen at Glenwood 

 and one at Wickham. 



14. Buteo borealis borealis. Red-tailed Hawk. — One at Wickham. 



15. Buteo platypterus. Broad-winged Hawk. — Two were seen 



1 Townsend and Bent, Auk, XXVII, 1910, pp. 1-18. 



