318 Wright, Morning Aivakening and. Even-Song. [july 



4.30, so that the record states " Have never before heard so much 

 bluebird song in an hour; the singing is almost as loud as a 

 robin's." 



16. The Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), as yet a rare 

 bird in Jefferson, in three seasons has been located well within 

 hearing, namely in 1904, 1905, and 1908. Five records have been 

 made, three having been obtained in 1904. The earliest singing 

 was at 3.25 on June 16, 1904. On June 11, 1904, and June 10, 

 1905, the song first reached the ear at 3.26 on both occasions. On 

 July 5, 1904, and July 4, 1908, it was first heard at 3.38 o'clock. 

 On the earliest occasion the bird continued its song for thirty min- 

 utes without much change of location and then moved farther 

 up the mountain side and was heard at intervals for another thirty 

 minutes. Upon the next two earliest occasions the song was heard 

 for five or ten minutes only, when the bird probably moved out 

 of hearing. On the fourth and fifth occasions, when one was first 

 heard at 3.38, the voice was well back in the woodland on the moun- 

 tain side and twenty minutes later had come much nearer. Not 

 unlikely the bird at each of these times had been singing earlier. 

 The relative position of the Wood Thrush, therefore, would seem 

 to be properly based on the three earlier records, when the songster 

 from the beginning was located near. The average time of first 

 song will then be 3.S6 o'clock. The voice has always been in 

 association with the Hermit Thrush's and sometimes also with 

 that of the Olive-backed Thrush. 



17. The Olive-backed Thrush {Hylocichla ustulata swain- 

 soni), while an abundant bird in all woodland, has been favorably 

 located for hearing its first song on three occasions only, the lis- 

 tener's position being in the open, while the Olive-back is com- 

 monly too far within the wood, both in front and rear, for its voice 

 to be readily heard. The average time of its first song on these 

 occasions was 3.27, the three records being 3.21, 3.26 and 3.35 

 o'clock. On two of these occasions the songster continued to sing 

 with only slight interruptions up to 5 o'clock, when the record was 

 closed. So the voice was recorded as the most regular and constant 

 among the voices of the morning. 



18. The Oven-bird {Seiurus aurocapillus) is the earliest of the 

 warblers to voice itself. Like the Song Sparrow and the Chipping 



