Vol. XXIX "i 



1912 



J Wright, Morning Awakening and Even-Song. 319 



Sparrow it occasionally breaks forth in the night, giving a song 

 which is after the manner of its flight song, although the bird at 

 so early an hour may not leave its perch. On June 27, 1909, one 

 burst forth in such a song at 2.12 and was again heard at 2.57, 

 while it was 3.43 when it began to sing in its usual way. Eleven 

 records give the average time of first song as 3.39, the earliest 

 records, eliminating night utterances, having been 3.09, 3.12, 

 and 3.17, and the latest 3.41 and 3.43 o'clock. Two birds have 

 often been heard. 



19. The Least Flycatcher {Empidonax minimus), while 

 located both higher and lower on the mountain side, has been but 

 once within the range of hearing. On June 28, 1911, the song 

 from one located near was heard at 3.30, and the bird continued 

 to sing up to 5 o'clock or later. It is not improbable that if more 

 records had been obtained, the Chebec might rank higher in the 

 order, as do the other common flycatchers. 



20. The Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla pusilla), is a rare 

 bird in Jefl^erson. But one was temporarily located in 1911 on the 

 mountain side, and its voice entered the morning-awakening record 

 on July 4 at 4.06 o'clock. It had undoubtedly been singing earlier, 

 and the voice had not reached the ear. At 4.24 the song was heard 

 much more plainly. On June 19, 1908, a Field Sparrow had been 

 heard singing eight or ten times beginning at 3.30, before I rose, 

 and was still singing in the neighborhood at 5.15 o'clock. This 

 earlier record places the Field Sparrow among the other sparrows, 

 which as a family are early singers. 



21. Slate-colored Junco {Junco hyemalis hyemalis). The 

 range of record of the Junco's first singing is rather wide, extend- 

 ing from 2.55 and 2.58, when the song was heard only once or twice 

 on two occasions, to 3.49, 3.50 and 3.51 on three other occasions. 

 The average time based on thirteen records is 3.31 o'clock. The 

 song is often continued for more than an hour. Usually one bird 

 only has been within hearing. 



22. The Chickadee's {Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus) song 

 has been heard on six occasions, namely, at 3.30, 3.43 (twice), 3.45 

 (twice), and 3.50 o'clock. The average time has been 3.J^3 o'clock. 

 On May 27, 1902, one beginning to sing at 3.43 continued his song 

 for some time. 



