320 Wright, Morning Aioakening and Even-Song. [july 



23. Red-eyed Vireo {Vireosylva olivacea). The song being 

 of a quiet and monotonous character and as such not appeahng 

 strongly to the ear, at least such is the recorder's usual experience, 

 particular pains have been taken to note the time of beginning 

 of its song and not allow it to pass unnoticed. Four or five birds 

 are usually within the range of hearing. As 3.33 is the earliest 

 time recorded, the species does not awake early to sing. And the 

 range of time of first song which thirteen records furnish indicates 

 a small variation only, as the latest time recorded is 3.53 o'clock. 

 On four occasions it has been between 3.33 and 3.39 and on nine 

 other occasions between 3.41 and 3.53 o'clock. The average time 

 of the thirteen records is 3. 43 o'clock. Sometimes the phrase of 

 the song is repeated quite rapidly for a few minutes at the time of 

 beginning. Usually the birds continue to sing without much 

 pause for thirty or forty minutes or even an hour, and then, as is 

 well known, with short rests most of the day. 



24. The Crow {Corvus hrachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos) is a com- 

 paratively late riser, as it ranks twenty-fourth among the common 

 birds in the time of voicing itself. While it is not the twenty- 

 fourth bird on any one occasion, since all its predecessors which 

 have been named in order do not appear in the chorus on any one 

 morning, it has always been the twelfth bird or later in the succes- 

 sion of the awakening. Fourteen records show that the earliest 

 times at which a Crow has been heard to call were 3.35 and 3.36 

 o'clock. On the former occasion Chipping Sparrow, Robin, Alder 

 Flycatcher, and Vesper Sparrow had sung at 2.45, 2.46, 2.47 and 

 2.49 respectively. The average time of the first call is 3.44-, or not 

 until after the Robin has sung for forty-five minutes or even an hour 

 and from eleven to sixteen species have already voiced themselves. 

 The range in time is narrow, since the latest is 3.56 o'clock. The 

 variation, therefore, in the Crow's awakening is only twenty-one 

 minutes on the fourteen occasions ranging in date from May 27 to 

 July 9 and covering ten seasons. If the latest-time record were 

 eliminated, the latest remaining would be 3.52, and the variation 

 for thirteen records would be but seventeen minutes, constituting 

 the Crow one of the most regular of the common birds. A single 

 bird is usually first heard located somewhere upon the mountain 

 side, and later two birds often appear in flight. The Crow was 



