470 Harlow, Breeding Birds of Center County, Pa. [oct. 



common summer resident throughout the region and nesting in all localities 

 except the deep woods. Found quite commonly about old estates in pines, 

 in old orchards or in open groves of pine in the mountains. Has been 

 found breeding from the ground up to twenty-five feet, usually at the base 

 of limbs but sometimes in hollows. Eggs have been found as early as 

 April 17, 1910, and as late as July 23, 1911, in the latter instance they were 

 far incubat-od. 



10. Cathartes aura septentrionalis. Turkey Vulture. — The 

 Turkey Vulture may usually be seen on any day throughout the summer, 

 and undoubtedly breeds at certain localities in the mountains though no 

 nests have been found. During late June the author has observed them 

 frequently about Bald Knob and sailing over the Tussey Valley and has 

 sought vainly for their nests in the rock ledges at Shinglctown Gap. 



11. Accipiter cooperi. Cooper's Hawk. — The most common 

 breeder of our larger hawks. Nests regularly either in the larger woodlots 

 through the more open country or in the denser mountain forests. The 

 following occupied nests have been found. 



May 4, 1909. Four slightly incubated eggs. 

 April 28, 1910. Five fresh eggs. 

 May 14, 1910. Four incubated eggs. 

 May 2, 1912. Three fresh eggs. 



Two nests were located while in the process of building in 1911, but 

 circumstances prevented later investigations. 



12. Buteo borealis borealis. Red-tailed Hawk. — An uncommon 

 permanent resident. The author has not found the nest of this bird, 

 though he has several times observed it in the breeding season. Mr. 

 Douglass Spencer informs me that he observed several of these birds in 

 early April, 1911, near Fillmore. 



13. Buteo platypterus. Broad-winged Hawk. — A regular but 

 rather scarce summer resident; its range apparently limited to the vicinity 

 of the mountain streams in the gaps and ravines. The Broad-winged 

 Hawk has been observed in the breeding season in Stone Valley, Shingle- 

 town Gap, in Bear Meadows, and near Pine Grove Mills. The following 

 nests have been found. 



May 8, 1910. Two fresh eggs. 



July 1, 1911. Onedowny young hawk probably ten days old. 

 Both these nests were on the banks of mountain streams, the first in a 

 hemlock and the second in a dead yellow birch. 



14. Falco sparverius sparverius. Sparrow Hawk. — Common 

 summer resident throughout the open country, nesting either in solitary 

 trees or in small woodlots. The Sparrow Hawk always nests in a hollow, 

 but the size may vary from a small Flicker's hole to an enormous natural 

 cavity, two feet in diameter. A number of nests have been found — the 

 earliest with five half-incubated eggs on April 26, 1910, near Lemont and 

 the latest with four sUghtly incubated eggs on May 27, 1910, near State 

 College. 



