Z@ CRUSTACEA CHAP. 
* 
dwellers have been investigated especially at Carniola and in the 
American caves. 
A number of species of Cyclopidae and Cypridae, many of 
which are blind and colourless, have been brought up in well- 
water. The Amphipod WNiphargus puteanus has long been 
known from a similar source in England? and all over Europe, 
and several other blind Gammarids inhabit the subterranean 
waters and caves in various parts of the world. Among 
Isopods, Asellus cavaticus is recorded from wells and caves in 
various parts of Europe, Caecidotea stygia and OC. nickajackensis 
from the Mammoth and Nickajack Caves in America, and two 
very remarkable blind Isopods are described by Chilton from 
the subterranean waters of New Zealand, viz. Cruregens fontanus, 
whose nearest allies are the marine Anthuridae, and the Isopods 
Phreatoicus typicus and P. assimilis, which bear an extraordinary 
resemblance superficially to Amphipods. Besides these, a small 
number of subterranean Decapoda are known which retain the 
eye-stalks but are without functional ommatidia. These are 
Troglocaris schmidti, 11 Hungary, related to the fresh-water 
Atyid Xiphocaris of East Indian and East Asiatic fresh waters 
rather than to the South European <Atyephyra; Palaemonetes 
antrorum, from artesian wells in Texas; and several species of 
Cambarus from the Eastern United States. A blind species of 
Cambarus, C. stygius, has been described from the caves of 
Carniola, and if this determination 1s correct, is the sole Cambarus 
occurring outside America. 
It will be seen from the above account that the sub- 
terranean Crustacea are an exceedingly interesting and, in many 
respects, archaic group, many of which have survived in these 
isolated and probably uncompetitive districts, while many 
secular changes were going on in the quick world overhead. 
The remaining fresh water Malacostraca may be mentioned 
under the headings of the groups to which they belong. 
Only one “Schizopod,” apart from Paranaspides, is known 
from fresh-water lakes, viz. Mysis relicta, which was discovered in 
1861 by Lovén in the Seandinavian lakes, and has since been 
found in the Finnish lakes, the Caspian Sea, Lake Michigan, and 
other localities in N. America, and Lough Erne in Ireland. This 
species is closely related to A/ysis oculata of Greenlandic seas. 
1S. F, Harmer, Zrans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc. ti., 1899, p. 489. 
