442 ARACHNIDA—PHALANGIDEA CHAP, 
time. The females, with their long extrusible ovipositors, place 
groups of twenty to forty eggs in small holes in the ground or 
under stones or bark, unprotected by any form of cocoon. The 
eggs hatch into fully-formed Phalangids, which are at first white, 
but attain their coloration after the first moult. They subse- 
quently moult from five to nine times. 
The distribution of this group is world-wide, and some of the 
exotic species are very remarkable in form. Only twenty-four 
species have as yet been recorded in this country. 
External Structure.—In the Phalangidea there is no con- 
striction between the cephalothorax and the abdomen, and in 
the Ischyropsalidae alone is the distinction between them readily 
observable. This is due to the partial or complete fusion of the 
first five segments of the abdomen with the carapace or cephalo- 
thoracic shield in most species, these segments being indicated, if 
at all, merely by faint striae or successive transverse rows of 
spines or tubercles. In the forms possessing hard integuments 
(Gonyleptidae, Nemastomatidae, Trogulidae) this fusion results in 
a dorsal “ scutum,” the component parts of which cannot easily be 
distinguished. 
The cephalothorax is often surmounted by a turret—usually 
grooved dorsally, and beset on its edges with a spiny armature— 
on the sides of which are the two simple eyes. The position 
and shape of this turret and the arrangement of its spines are of 
importance in the classification of the group. 
In the Trogulidae the base of the turret gives rise to a re- 
markable, forwardly-directed, bifurcate structure, furnished with 
numerous strong tubular bristles. This 
is called the “ hood,’ and its hollowed- 
out under surface forms a chamber, the 
“ camerostome,” in which he the basal joints 
of the pedipalpi. 
In most European Phalangids the 
under surface of the cephalothorax is 
almost entirely concealed by the forwardly 
Fic. 230.—Hood of Meto- projecting portion of the abdomen bearing 
re ee aaraai alie generative opening, and by the gnatho- 
bases, not only of the pedipalpi, but of the first and sometimes 
of the second legs. As in Spiders, however, there is always 
present a “sternum” and generally a “labium.” The sternum 
