XVII CLASSIFICATION 447 
almost equal length. The pedipalpi take no part in the fertilisa- 
tion of the female, which is accomplished directly. 
The protrusible organs are concealed under the forwardly- 
projecting anterior segment of the abdomen beneath, the genital 
orifice being thus in many cases quite near the head-region. 
The internal sexual organs are not very complex. The ovary 
re-enters upon itself, forming a ring, and from the point of 
re-entry a tube proceeds towards the centre of the ring, dilating 
to form an ovisac. It then narrows, turns forward, dilates once 
more into a second ovisac, from which the oviduct proceeds to 
the base of the ovipositor. This is a flattened organ, grooved on 
its upper surface and bifid at its extremity. The testis of the 
male is a single sac-like gland, from either end of which proceeds 
a vas deferens, which, after several convolutions, unite into a 
sperm-sac which opens at the base of the penis. 
Partial hermaphroditism is a very frequent phenomenon among 
the Phalangids, the testis often producing ova as well as 
spermatozoa. 
Though the males fight fiercely at the breeding time, the 
animals for the most part live peacefully together. Henking! 
found that the eggs of Liobunwm, which were about half a 
millimetre in diameter, were laid during October and hatched 
‘out in the following April. 
Classification.—The Order Phalangidea is divided into three 
Sub-orders: 1, CYPHOPHTHALMI ; 2, MECOSTETHI ; 3, PLAGIOSTETHI. 
Sub-Order 1. Cyphophthalmi. 
Phalangids with dorsal and ventral scutwm, only the last 
abdominal segment remaining free. Eyes two or absent. 
Maxillary lobe on covae of first pair of legs rudimentary. 
Sternum long and narrow. Anterior segment of abdomen not 
projecting ventrally beyond the cowae of the fourth pair. 
Odoriferous glands open on prominences. 
In 1875 Stecker published a description of a remarkable 
creature which he said he had found in Bohemia, and which he 
named Gibocellum sudeticum. Among other points it possessed 
four eyes and four spinning mamumnillae, and it differed so much 
from other Cyphophthalmi as to necessitate the foundation of a 
' Zool. Jahrb. iii., 1888, p. 319. 
