XVII CLASSIFICATION 449 
Phalangodes. Theyall avoid the light,and are usually found in caves. 
Simon ' records six species found in France. A North American 
species, P. armata, is entirely destitute of eyes. 
The family has representatives in Australia 
and in tropical Africa and Asia. Mermerus, 
Epidanus, Maracaudus, and Sitalees are some of 
the exotic genera. 
The other two families of this Sub-order— 
Fam. 2, Cosmetidae; Fam. 3, Gonyleptidae— 
include a large number of species, some of con- 
siderable size (up to an inch in length of body), 
found in Central and South America. 
Sub-Order 3. Plagiostethi.” 
(PALPATORES ) Fic. 234.—Phalan- 
ay godes terricola, 
First abdominal segment produced forward ae ae: 
ventrally to the level of the first pair of legs, 
bringing the mouth and the genital opening very near together. 
Sternum consequently much reduced. Pedipalpi thin, with 
terminal claw absent or rudimentary. Terminal claws of the 
legs single. 
The Plagiostethi include most of the Harvestmen of temperate 
regions, the most familiar examples of these creatures belong- 
ing to the large family Phalangidae, and being much more in 
evidence than the slow-moving and ground-living forms in- 
cluded in the other families. 
Fam. 1. Phalangiidae.—Lye-turret always far removed from 
anterior border of cephalothorax. Second pair of legs with well- 
marked maxillary lobes. Legs similar, without the false joint 
called “ trochantin.” Multiarticulate tarsi. Simple pedipalpi, 
with tarsus much longer than tibia, and. possessing terminal 
claw. Some have soft, some coriaceous integuments. 
The Phalangidae fall naturally into two groups or sub-families, 
named by Simon ScLEROSOMATINAE and PHALANGIINAE. The 
first group consists of more or less coriaceous forms living among 
moss and herbage. They are not very numerous, there being only 
about twelve known European species divided among the three 
genera, Sclerosoma, Mastobunus, and Astrobunus. 
1 Arachnides de France, vii., 1879. 2 Transverse sternum (7\dy.os = transverse), 
VOL. IV 2G 
