452 ARACHNIDA—PHALANGIDEA CHAP. 
the mature state at all seasons of the year. There are about 
twenty European species, but only two of these, WV. dugubre and 
NV. chrysomelas, have as yet been found 
in Britain. WV. dugubre is a very common 
animal, and though it does not obtrude 
itself upon public notice, its httle black 
body with two pearly white spots must 
be a familiar object to all insect collectors 
who have occasion to search under stones 
Fria, 237.—Nemastoma 
lugubre. 
or among moss in damp places. Its 
legs are short and stout, but those of 
N. chrysomelas, which is a_ brighter 
coloured Harvestman with spots of dull 
gold colour, are long and slender. 
Fam. 4. Trogulidae. — Coriaceous 
and very hard integument. Anterior part of cephalothorax pro- 
duced into a bifurcate “hood.” Often a “ trochantin.” 
The Trogulidae are very slow-moving Phalangids of moderate 
or large size (a sixth to half an inch in body), found under stones 
or in damp moss and débris. They are Mite- 
like in general appearance, and may readily 
be distinguished from all other Harvestmen by 
the presence of the “hood” (Fig. 230, p. 442), 
the hollowed-out under surface of which forms 
a chamber, called by Simon the “ camerostome,” 
in which lie the basal portions of the pedipalps. 
Only a single immature specimen has 
been found in England, belonging, probably to 
the species Zrogulus tricarinatus. It was 
found in Dorsetshire. Some members of the 
family are not uncommon in various regions 
of the Continent. There are four genera, 
Dicranolasma, Anelasmocephalus, Calathocratus, 
and Trogulus. Two other genera, Amopauwm and 
Metopoctea, have been established, but the former 
Fig. 
238. — Troyulus 
aquaticus. a, Hood. 
(After Simon.) 
is probably the young of Dicranolasma and the latter of Trogulus. 
According to the monograph on the British Phalangidea by 
the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, cited above, the following species 
have been recorded in this country. They all fall under the 
sub-order Plagiostethi :— 
