XXI GLANDS—ALIMENTARY SYSTEM 513 
the fourth joints or thighs of all the ambulatory. legs, and these 
glands without doubt act as cement-glands, emitting, like the 
chelophoral glands of the larvae, a sticky thread or threads by 
which the eggs and young are anchored to the ovigerous legs. 
In some species of Nymphon and of Colossendeis Hoek could 
not find these, and he conjectures them to be conspicuous only 
in the breeding season. While in most cases these glands open 
by a single orifice or by a few pores grouped closely together, 
in barana, according to Dohrn, and especially in B. arenicola, 
the pores are distributed over a wide area of the femoral joint.’ 
In Discoarachne (Loman) and Trygaeus they open into a wide 
chitinised sac with tubular orifice. While the function of these 
last glands and of the larval glands seems plain enough, that of 
those which occur in the palps and ovigerous legs of both sexes 
remains doubtful. 
In their morphological nature the two groups of glands are 
likewise in contrast, the former being unicellular glands, such as 
occur in various parts of the integument of the body and limbs 
of many Crustacea; while the latter are segmentally arranged 
and doubtless mesoblastic in origin, like the many other 
segmental excretory organs (or coelomoducts) of various 
Arthropods. 
By adding colouring matters (acid-fuchsin, etc.) to the water 
in which the animals were living, Kowalevsky demonstrated 
the presence of what he believed to be excretory organs in 
Phoxichilus, Ammothea, and Pallene. These are small groups of 
cells, lying symmetrically near the posterior borders of the first 
three body-segments, and also near the bases of the first joints of 
the legs, dorsal to the alimentary canal.’ 
Alimentary System.—The proboscis is a very complicated 
organ, and has been elaborately described by Dohrn.’ It is a 
prolongation of the oral cavity, containing a highly developed 
stomodaeum, but showing no sign of being built up of lmbs or 
1 Ortmann, who would unite Barana with Ascorhynehus, observes: ‘‘ Bei dieser 
Gattung [Ascorhynchus] konnte ich die Kittdriisen beobachten, die bei 4. ramipes 
mit dem von Barana castelnaudi [castelli] Dohrn, bei A. eryptopygius mit Larana 
arenicola iibereinstimmen und also die primitivsten Formen der Ausbildung zeigen.” 
—Zool. Jahrb. Syst. v., 1891, p. 159. 
2 Mém. Acad. Sci. St-Pétersb. (vii.), xxxviii., 1892. 
5 Fauna u. Flora G. von Neapel, iii. Monogr. 1881, p. 46; see also Loman, 
J.C.C., Tijdschr. D. Ned. Dierk. Ver. (2), viii., 1907, p. 259. 
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