192 Bibliographical Notices. 



prising Sociology, Technology, Religion, Linguistics, and Folk-lore. 

 Physical and experimental Anthropology, or Somatology, treats of 

 the nature and structure of the body, anatomically and physio- 

 logically. 



By means of Anthropology we recognize a very high antiquity of 

 the human race, its wide extension in early times, and the succes- 

 sive evolution of better types along certain lines, with varied stages 

 of culture, in their rise, maturation, and decadence. 



Chapter V. illustrates tho plan, details, and conclusions of an 

 ethnographic study of the inhabitants of a certain district, namely, 

 a part of West-Central and South-west France, comprising the 

 five Departments of Dordogno, Charente, Correze, Creuse, and Haute 

 Vienne. These notes are based on the data published by Dr. Col- 

 lignon in 1894 and 1895. Statistics and diagram-maps illustrate the 

 local distribution of special characters of the cranium, colour of hair 

 and eyes, and the stature. 



Under the technical terms of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic 

 (as determined from the relative length, breadth, and height of the 

 skull), the inhabitants of this region are found to represent, on the 

 one hand, (1) short and dark, or (2) tall and fair brachycephals, 

 and, on the other hand, (3) fair and tall, or (4) dark dolichocephals. 

 Attention is drawn to the relationship of these several races and 

 their varieties to the ancient peoples of Europe and the Mediter- 

 ranean borders, and to the prehistorij folk or cave-men, of whom 

 there are abundant remains in Dordogne. Evidences of the per- 

 sistence of some of these races to the present day are traceable in 

 the peasantry of certain cantons. 



Some generalizations respecting the succession of races as inhabi- 

 tants of this part of Western Europe are given in brief at pages 155- 

 160. Scattered examples of a type probably related to the Man of 

 the older stone-age have been observed. Early neolithic Man, in- 

 habiting some of the caves, was probably tho same as those known 

 as the brown dolichocephals or Iberians. Short dark brachycephals 

 came into the French region, probably by two routes, from the East 

 in Neolithic times. Afterwards, as generally known, the fair 

 dolichocephals (" Kymri, Gauls, Cimbrians, Burgundians, Visigoths, 

 Franks, &c") came from the north or north-east, first into the 

 plains of North Germany, thence to what are now the Netherlands 

 and Flanders. Divided by the Central Plateau of France, one 

 branch streamed away into Italy, and the other into Spain, and thence 

 to North Africa. 



Under the heading of Technology or practical Ethnography, 

 dealing with the history of tools and other manufactured objects, the 

 author takes, as a familiar illustration of the gradual progress and 

 practical working out of ideas in adaptation to circumstances, the 

 history of the cart or wheeled vehicle, from its beginning as two 

 parallel sloping poles, without wheels or any receptacle for goods — 

 a condition not long since existing in Ireland and at present among 

 American Indians when shifting their wigwams. 



There are careful notices of the persistence of special toys and 



