On some Cretaceous Clupeoid Fishes. 489 



would doubtless be above the base of the pectorals, as recorded 

 by Jordan in Mitsukurina. Another specimen (Brit. Mus. 

 no. P. 4769) shows that the teeth in S. Lewisi are about as 

 numerous as in Mitsukurina Owstoni, while, as in the latter 

 species, those at the mandibular symphysis are slightly 

 larger than those at the front of the upper jaw. All the 

 fins are known in the two fossil species from Mount Lebanon 

 except the anterior dorsal ; and on comparing the figure of 

 such a specimen as B. M. no. P. 4020 * with that of the 

 recent fish given by Jordan, it will be observed that the 

 differences in proportions are not of greater than specific 

 value. The arrangement of the basal cartilages of the fins, 

 so beautifully represented by Jordan, is unfortunately not 

 distinct in any of the Lebanon fossils; nor is there any clear 

 evidence of the claspers. The dense shagreen seems to be 

 similar in the recent and fossil forms. 



The type specimen of Mitsukurina Owstoni measures 

 slightly more than a metre (42 inches) in length, and is 

 described as apparently young. The known specimens of 

 Scapanorhynchus Lewisi cannot have attained a greater 

 length than 0'5 m., while the only complete specimen of 

 S. elongalus measures about 0'65 m. in length. Some of 

 the other species, however, represented in Cretaceous forma- 

 tions solely by their teeth, evidently attained considerably 

 larger dimensions, and must have been very much larger even 

 than the Japanese fish now captured. In Cretaceous seas it 

 was evidently a dominant type among the predaceous 

 sharks. 



LXVII. — Note on some Cretaceous Clupeoid Fishes with Pecti- 

 nated Scales (Ctenothrissa and Pseudoberyx). By A. 

 Smith Woodward, F.L.S. 



A recent detailed study of the so-called Berycidas of the 

 Cretaceous period has led to the recognition of several allies 

 of the herrings among them. There is evidence of at least 

 two genera, whose osteological characters necessitate their 

 reference to the family Clupeidaj as defined in Dr. Giiuther's 

 British Museum Catalogue. Both are characterized by large 

 pectinated scales, like those of the existing Clupeoid genus 

 jJrevoortia f ; but neither exhibits any ventral or dorsal ridge- 



* A. S. Woodward, ' Catal. Foss. Fishes B. M.' part i. (1889), pi. xvii. 

 tig-. 1. 



t Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861, p. 37; Jordan and Ever- 

 mann, " Fishes of .North and Middle America," .bull. U.Cj. iNatiunal 

 Museum, no. 47 (1896), p. ±33. 



