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84 



THE AMEEICAK EISOA^S. 



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Peter Kalni says: "Wild cattle are" [1749] ^^ abundant in the southern 

 parts of Canada, and have been there from time immemorial. They are 

 plentiful in those parts, particularly where the Illinois Indians live, which are 

 nearly in the latitude of Philadelphia; but further north they are seldom 



In respect to this passage it is almost needless to add that the 



observed. 



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portion of Canada here mentioned is the present State of Illinois. 



Ogilby says: "Towards the South of New York are many Buffles, Beasts 

 which (according to Erasmus Stella) are betwixt a Horse and a Stag: . . . . 



they have broad branching Horns like a Stag, short Tail, rough Neck, Hair 



colored according to the several seasons," etc. The animals here called Bvffles 



were of course elks, showing again that the use of the term hnjjles does not 

 necessarily imply a reference to the buffalo. The same writer, however, in 



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his description of Maryland, says: "In the upper parts of the Counti*y are 

 Buffaloes^ Elks^ Tygers, Bears, Wolves, Racoons, and many other sorts of 

 Beasts." t What portion of the country may have been referred to as the 

 "upper parts of the Country" is uncertain, but the preceding narratives of 

 exploration, on which Ogilby's work is based, make no mention of the exist- 

 ence of the buffalo in the region now known as Maryland. 



Father Andrew White, in "An Account of the Colony of the Lord Baron 

 of Baltimore, in Maryland, near Virginia," published in 1677, in his account 

 of the animals previously quoted (p. 78, footnote), says :" There are also 

 vast herds of cows and wild oxen, fit for beasts of burden and good to eat. 

 . . . . The nearest woods are full of horses and wild bulls and cows. Five 

 or six thousand of the skins of these animals are carried every year to Saville, 

 from that part of the country which lies westward towards New Mexico."! It 

 is evident that this reference to herds of wild cattle refers not at all to the 

 buffalo, nor even to the region of country now known as Maryland, but to 

 the Spanish Possessions in the southwest, whence the exportation of hides of 

 the domestic cattle to Spain had long before begun. 



Professor E. D. Cope,|| however, recently says: "Of the Euminants [of 

 Maryland], the bison {Bos americamis) and the elk ( Cerviis 



rr" 



* Kalm's Travels in N. America, Forster's Translation, Vol. Ill, p, 60. 



t Ogilby's America, pp. 172, 186 (London, 1681). 



t Translation of Father AVliite's "Account," in Force's Coll. Tlist, Tracts, Vol. IV, No. 12, pp. 6, 7. 



§ See Clavigero's History of Mexico, CuUcn's English Translation, Vol. II, p. 308, where Clavigero 

 states, on the authority of Acosta, that in 1587 sixty-four thousand three hundred and fifty ox hides were 

 taken to Spain, so rapidly had the domestic cattle increased in Mexico. 



II New Top. Map of Maryland, p. 16, 1873. 



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