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Il^DEX. 





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form of the skull in, 49 ; in lower jaw, 50 ; in its 

 horns, 50 ; remarks on synonymy and nomencla- 

 ture, 50 ; common names of, 51 ; on figures of, 

 51 - 53 ; fossil remains of, 53, 233 ; brief notice 

 of its geographical distribution, 51 ; habits of, 

 55 - 70 ; gregarious propensity of, 55 ; character 

 of the herds of, 55 - 57 ; reproduction, 56 ; mater^ 

 nal affection, 58 ; moulting, 59 ; its nomadic dis- 

 position, 59 ; migrations of, 60 ; its fondness of 

 " wallowing," 64 ; its " wallows," how formed, 

 65 ; stupidity of, 66 ; man its chief enemy, 67 ; 

 attacks of wolves upon, 68 ; susceptible of domes- 

 'tication, 68, 215-221 ; geographical distribu- 

 tion of, past and present, 71--191, 223-231; 

 erroneous opinions respecting its former range, 72 ; 

 probable extent of its range, 72 ; eastern limit of 

 its range north of North Carolina, 74-91; not 

 ■found wuthin the present limits of Canada, New 

 England, New York, or Florida, 75 ; absence of 

 its remains from the Indian shell-heaps of the 

 Atlantic coast, 76, 88 ,; in the mountains of Vir- 

 ginia, 85 ; its occurrence on the sources of the 

 James River, Va., 85; supposed teeth of, from 

 Gardiner, Me., 89-91 ; its occurrence in the Car- 

 olinas and Georgia, 92 - 96, 225 ; never found near 

 the coast in the Carolinas, 96 ; probably never in- 

 habited Florida, 97-101, 226; not met with in 

 Florida by the early explorers, 100, 225 ; range of, 

 east of the Mississippi, 103-115, 223-231 ; in 

 Union Co., Pa., 87, 108, 223, 224 ; in West Vir- 

 ginia, 110, 111 ; resume of range of, east of the 

 Mississippi, 115 ; extirpation of, east of the Missis- 

 sippi, 116, 229-231 ; not " driven westward," but 

 exterminated, 117 ; range of, west of the Rocky 

 Mountains, 118-125 ; Rocky Mts. supposed by 

 some to be its western limit, 118 ; ranged over the 

 sources of the Colorado River, 118, 120, 122, 124 ; 

 do. over the plains of the Columbia, 118, 121- 

 125 ; do. as far west as the Blue Mountains of 

 Oregon and the Sierra Nevadas, 118, 119 ; south- 

 western limit of the range of, 125-128 ; southern 

 limit of range of, 128 ~ 130 ; existed in the north- 

 eastern provinces .of Mexico, 128-130; seen in 

 Texas in 1530, 128, 131 ; do. in 1685, 132 ; extir- 

 pated from, a large part of Texas before 1850, 136- 

 141 ; date of extirpation from Arkansas, 141 ; do. 

 "from Missouri, 142, 144; do. from Iowa, 142- 

 144 ; do. from Minnesota, 143, 144 ; division of, 

 into Northern and Southern Herds, 144; extirpa- 

 tion of, from Eastern Kansas, 147 ; great decrease 

 of, on the plains of Colorado, 148, 150, 151 ; extir- 

 pation of, from the Parks of Colorado, 149 ; do. 

 from the Laramie Plains, 150 ; influence of the 

 Kansas railroads upon the decrease of, 151-154 ; 

 extirpation of, from Eastern Dakota, 155 ; do. near 

 the 49th parallel, 156-160; do. in Eastern Ne- 

 braska, 160 ; decrease of, in the Upper Missouri 



country, 160-166 ; former range and decrease of, 

 in British America, 166-175 ; range of the North- 

 ern Herd in 1875, 174; general remarks on the 

 destruction of, 175 - 177 ; recent destruction of, in 

 Kansas, 177-180; reckless waste of, 180-185 ; 

 statistical remarks on the destruction of, 185-191 ; 

 ,r- -probable number of, annually killed in different 

 portions of its habitat, 185-191 ; products of, 191 - 

 201 ; importance of, as a means of subsistence to 

 the pioneer and explorer, 192 ; the flesh of, as an 

 article of food, 192 ; value of, to the Indians, 196 ; 

 wholesale destruction of, for their hides, t97 ; 

 former supposed value of the wool of, 197- 199 ; 

 importance of the excrement of, as an article of 

 fuel, 200, 201 ; the chase of, 202-215 ; by the 

 Illinois Indians, 202 ; by the Sioux, 203 ; by the 

 Minnetarees, 204 ; by the.Crees, 205 ; captnre of, 

 by impounding, 205 - 207 ; destruction of, by the 

 Red River half-breeds, 208-210 ; do. by white 

 hunters, 210-213 ; still hunting, 210-212 ; get- 

 ting a "stand" on, 211 ; domestication of, 215- 

 221 ; easily crossed with domestic cattle, 216-221 ; 

 character of the mixed breed, 217, 218 ; occurrence 

 of, on the Shenandoah River, Va., 224 ; probable 



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occurrence of, in Southern Georgia, 225 ; possible 

 existence of, in Florida for a short period, 225 ; 

 its occurrence in Mississippi, 225 ; southward ex- 

 tension of the range of, east of the Mississippi be- 

 tween 1685 and 1750, 225, 227 ; presence of, for a 

 short period between the Tennessee and Missis- 

 sippi Rivers, 226—229 ; found by' Cortes in the 

 possession of Montezuma, 231 ; duration of, in the 

 Ohio Valley, 232 - 236 ; bones of, not found in the 

 caverns of Kentucky and Tennessee, 234 ; proba- 

 blv unknown to the mound-building Indians." 234. 



Bison antiquus, remarks on, 6, 19 ; synonomy of, 

 21 ; description of remains of, 21-31 ; Dr. Leidy's 

 description of the original sjDccimen of, 22 ; do. of 

 a specimen from California, 22 ; notice of remains 

 of, from Eschscholtz Bay, 23 ; remains from St. 

 Michael's and Tatlo River, Alaska, 24, 25 ; com- 



. pared with other species of Bison, 25-31 ; other 

 remains from California, 28, 29 ; remarks on 

 synonymy of, 31 ; geographical distribution and 

 geological position of remains of, 33, 34 ; distribu- 

 tion of remains of, in Alaska, 168 (footnote). 



Bisou bonasns, measurements of atlas of, 14 ; do. 



of metatarsal bones of, 15 ; do. of skull of, 26 ; 



do. of metacarpal bones of, 30 ; compared with B. 



americanus, 41-46 ; measurements of skeletons 



■ of, 44; of skulls of, 47, 



Bison crassicornis, remarks on, 6, 20, 21 - 31 (passim). 



Bison, Gx^eat Extinct American, ^ee Bison latifrons. 



Bison latifrons, history of the original specimen, 

 3 - 5 ; views of European writers respecting, 4, 5, 

 17, 20 ; .synonymy of, 7 ; account of remains of,' 

 8~17 ; compared with Bison prisciis, 8, 11, 16; 



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