SAPINDACEH. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 107 
ACER RUBRUM. 
Red Maple. Scarlet Maple. 
FLowers pedicellate in axillary fascicles; ovary and young fruit glabrous. Leaves 
3 to 5-lobed. 
Acer rubrum, Linnzus, Spec. 1055. — Du Roi, Diss. 59. — ed. 2, ii. 551, t. — Darlington, FV. Cestr. ed. 3, 46.— 
Marshall, Arbust. Am. 3.— Lamarck, Dict. ii. 380. — Chapman, FV. 81.— Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 
Ehrhart, Beitr. iv. 23. —Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati 1860, iii. 50. — Buchenau, Bot. Zeit. xix. 285, t. 11, f. 15, 
Uniti, ii. 171. — Schmidt, Oestr. Baum. i. 10, t. 6.— 16, 28, 29. — Koch, Dendr. i. 542. — Bell, Geolog. Rep. 
Abbot, Insects of Georgia, ii. 93. — Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. Canada, 1879-80, 54°. — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
434 (excl. var.).— Moench, Meth. 56.— Michaux, FI. 1882, 62.— Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census 
Bor.-Am. ii. 253. — Persoon, Syn. i. 417. — Robin, Voy- U. S. ix. 50. — Pax, Engler Bot. Jahrb. vii. 181. — Wat- 
age, iii. 471. — Nouveau Duhamel, iv. 31. — Willdenow, son & Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 118. — Wesmael, Gen. 
Spec. iv. 984; Enum. 1044. — Desfontaines, Ann. Mus. Acer, 12. 
vil. 413, t. 25, f. 2; Hist. Arb. i. 391.—Poiret, Lam. ? A. glaucum, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 2. 
Dict. Suppl. ii. 574; Jl. iii. 438, t. 844, £. 3.—Trat- ? A. Carolinianum, Walter, Fl. Car. 251. 
tinick, Archiv. i. t. 9. — Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. A. coccineum, Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 203. 
210, t. 14. — Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 265. — Bigelow, Fl. A. sanguineum, Spach, Hist. Veg. iti. 115; Ann. Sct. Nat. 
Boston. 247. — Nuttall, Gen. i. 252; Sylva, ii. 87.— ser. 2, ii. 176. — Dietrich, Syn. ii. 1282. 
Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 213. — Elliott, Sk. i. 449. — Torrey, . microphyllum, Pax, Engler Bot. Jahrb. vii. 180. 
Fl. N. Y. i. 187. — Watson, Dendr. Brit. ii. t. 169. — . semiorbiculatum, Pax, Engler Bot. Jahrb. vii. 181. 
Sprengel, Syst. ii. 225.— Audubon, Birds, t. 54, 67. — . rubrum, var. semiorbiculatum, Wesmael, Gen. Acer, 
Tausch, Regensb. Fl. xii., ii. 552. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Aim. i. 13. 
> b> Pb 
114; Jour. Bot.i. 199. — Don, Gen. Syst. i.650.— Spach, A. rubrum, var. microphyllum, Wesmael, Gen. Acer, 13. 
Hist. Veg. iii. 113;. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, ii. 176.— A. rubrum, var. eurubrum, var. sanguineum, var. clau- 
Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 249, 684. — Dietrich, Syn. sum, var. pallidiflorum, var. tomentosum, Pax, Hng- 
ii. 1282. — Walpers, Rep. i. 409. — Emerson, Trees Mass. ler Bot. Jahrb. vii. 181, 182. 
A slender tree, eighty to one hundred and twenty feet high, with a tall trunk three to four and 
a half feet in diameter, and upright branches usually forming a rather narrow head. The bark of the 
trunk varies from a quarter to half an inch in thickness, and is dark gray divided by longitudinal 
ridges, the surface separating into large flake-like scales. The shoots when they appear are green or 
dark red, turning by autumn dark or bright red and lustrous, and are marked by numerous longitudinal 
white lenticels; in the second year they become gray, faintly tinged with red. The winter-buds are 
obtuse, an eighth of an inch long, and covered by thick dark red imbricated scales rounded on the back 
and ciliate on the margins with a short fringe of pale hairs; the outer pair of scales are much smaller 
than the others; the inner pairs lengthen with the shoot, and at maturity are three quarters of an inch 
to an inch long, narrowly oblong, rounded at the apex, and bright scarlet. The leaves are three to five- 
lobed by acute sinuses, with irregularly doubly-serrate or toothed lobes, the middle lobe being often 
longer than the others, or they are sometimes lanceolate and scarcely lobed; they are truncate, more or 
less cordate by a broad shallow sinus, rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, pubescent, especially on the 
lower surface when young, and at maturity light green and glabrous on the upper, and white and more 
or less pubescent on the lower surface, particularly along’ the principal veins. They are chartaceous or 
sometimes almost coriaceous, an inch and a half to six inches in length and rather longer than broad, 
and are borne on slender red or green petioles two to four inches long.’ In early autumn they turn to 
1 No other American Maple shows such a tendency to vary in vii. 180) distinguishes three species and a number of varieties of 
the shape of its leaves. Dr. Ferdinand Pax (Engler Bot. J ahrb. the Red Maple, based principally on the shape of the leaves. This 
