LEGUMINOSZ. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 69 
GYMNOCLADUS DIOICUS. 
Kentucky Coffee Tree. 
INFLORESCENCE terminal. Leaves 10 to 14-pinnate, the lowest pinne reduced to 
simple leaflets, the others 7 to 13-foliolate. 
Fl. 203. — Reichenbach, Mag. Bot. t. 40.— De Candolle, 
Prodr. ii. 480. — Sprengel, Syst. ii. 327. — Torrey, Fl. 
N. Y.i. 191; Emory’s Rep. 407. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. 
i. 166. — Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 429. —Spach, Hist. Vég. i. 
89. — Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 398. — Walpers, ep. 
i. 809. — Bell, Rep. Geolog. Surv. Can. 1879-80, 54°. — 
Gymnocladus dioicus, Koch, Dendr. i. 5. — Baillon, Hist. 
Pl ii. 88, £. 52, 53; Dict. i. 781. — Sargent, Garden and 
Forest, ii. 375. 
Guilandina dioica, Linnzus, Spec. 381.— Marshall, Ar- 
bust. Am. 56. 
Gymnocladus Canadensis, Lamarck, Dict. i. 733; 01. iii. 
412, t. 823. — Michaux, FV. Bor.-Am. ii. 241, t. 51. — Will- 
denow, Spec. iv. 816; Hnum. 1019; Berl. Baumz. 169. — 
Persoon, Syn. ii. 626. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 250. — 
Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 272, t. 23. — Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 63. — Chapman, 
Fil. ed. 2, Suppl. 618. —Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 
10th Census U. S. ix. 58.— Watson & Coulter, Gray's 
Man. ed. 6, 148. 
Sept. i. 304. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 243.— Hayne, Dendr. Hyperanthera dioica, Vahl, Symb. i. 31. 
A tree, seventy-five to one hundred and ten feet in height, with a trunk two or three feet in 
diameter, usually separating, ten or fifteen feet from the ground, into three or four principal divisions 
which spread slightly and form a narrow pyramidal head; or occasionally sending up a tall straight 
shaft destitute of branches for seventy or eighty feet. The bark of the trunk is from three quarters of 
an inch to an inch in thickness and deeply fissured, the dark gray surface being tinged with red and 
roughened by small persistent scales. The branchlets when they first appear are coated with short 
thick pubescence faintly tinged with red, and bear at their bases until nearly grown the conspicuous 
orange-green pubescent bud-scales which at maturity are broadly obovate, rounded at the apex, and an 
inch long. At the end of the first season the branchlets are a quarter to a third of an inch thick, very 
blunt, and composed of a thick core of light orange-brown pith surrounded by a thin layer of bright 
yellow wood covered with bright green astringent inner bark and thin dark brown often slightly pilose 
outer bark marked by orange-colored lenticular spots and large pale broadly heart-shaped leaf-scars. 
The leaves are from one to three feet in length and eighteen to twenty-four inches in breadth, and are 
obovate in outline by the greater development of the upper pairs of pinne; and are covered when they 
unfold with hoary tomentum, except on the upper surfaces of the leaflets. The leaf-stalks and those 
of the pinne are terete, abruptly and conspicuously enlarged at the base, glabrous at maturity, and pale 
green or frequently purple on the upper side. The stipules are foliaceous, lanceolate, or slightly obovate, 
glandular-serrate towards the apex, a third of an inch in length, and deciduous. The leaflets are pink 
at first but soon become bronze-green, and are lustrous and glabrous on the upper surface with the 
* when fully grown they are from two to two and 
exception of a few scattered hairs along the midribs ; 
a half inches in length and an inch in breadth, or those which replace the lower or occasionally the two 
lower pairs of pinnz sometimes twice as large; they are membranaceous, obscurely veined, ovate, acute, 
or often mucronate, especially while young, wedge-shaped or irregularly rounded at the base by the 
greater development of the upper side, dark green above, pale yellow-green below, and glabrous with 
the exception of a few soft hairs scattered along the narrow midribs, the entire slightly thickened 
and revolute wavy margins, and the short stout petiolules. The leaves appear about the middle 
1 The trees are conspicuous at the time the leaves are expand- the ends of the leaves are bright pink, while those on the lower 
ing by the contrast of colors furnished by the leaflets. Those near pinne which had opened first are green or bronze-colored. 
