66 
notched at the apex. 
SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
CORNACEE. 
CORNUS FLORIDA. 
Flowering Dogwood. 
Heaps of flower-buds inclosed by the involucre ; involucral scales 4, obcordate or 
Cornus florida, Linnzus, Spec. 117 (1753). — Miller, Dict. 
ed. 8, No. 3. — Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. i. 167. — 
Wangenheim, Beschreib. Nordam. Holz. 111; Nordam. 
Holz. 51, t. 17, £. 41.— Moench, Béiume Weiss. 26. — 
Marshall, Arbust. Am. 35. — Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati 
Uniti, ii. 225.— Lamarck, Dict. ii. 114; Zl. i. 302. — 
Walter, F7. Car. 88. — L’Héritier, Cornus, 4. — Schmidt, 
Oestr. Baumz. ii. 6, t. 62.— Willdenow, Berl. Bawmz. 
73; Spec. i. 661; Hnum. 164.— Abbot, Insects of Geor- 
gia, ii. t. 73.— Bot. Mag. xv. t. 526. — Michaux, FV. 
Bor.-Am. i. 91.— Persoon, Syn. i. 143. — Desfontaines, 
Hist. Arb. i. 350.—Schkuhr, Handb. i. 82. — Titford, 
Hort. Bot. Am. 41, t. 16, f. 7.— Nouveau Duhamel, 
ii. 153. — Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. ii. 138, t. 3. — 
Leaves ovate or elliptical. 
Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 6. — Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abbild. 
Holz. 21, t. 19. — Elliott, Sk. i. 207. — Sprengel, Syst. 
ji. 451. — Audubon, Birds, t. 8, 73, 122. — De Candolle, 
Prodr. iv. 273. — Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 277 (in part). — 
Don, Gen. Syst. iii. 400. — Dietrich, Syn. i. 504. — Torrey 
& Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. 652. — Torrey, Fl. N. Y. i. 290. — 
Darlington, F7. Cestr. ed. 3, 111. — Chapman, #7. 168. — 
Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 60. — Koch, 
Dendr. i. 694. — Emerson, Trees Mass. ed. 2, ii. 467, t. — 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. vii. 68, £. 46. — Ridgway, Proc. U. 8. 
Nat. Mus. 1882, 67.— Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 
516. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. 
ix. 90. — Coulter & Evans, Bot. Gazette, xv. 32. — Watson 
& Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 214. 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 108. — Bigelow, #7. Boston. 38. — 
Nuttall, Gen. i. 98. — Roemer & Schultes, Syst. iii. 319. — 
Benthamidia florida, Spach, Hist. Vég. viii. 107 (1839). 
A low bushy tree, rarely forty feet in height, with a short trunk twelve to eighteen inches in 
diameter, slender spreading or upright branches and diverging branchlets turned upwards near the 
ends; or frequently toward the northern limits of its range a many-stemmed shrub. The bark of the 
trunk, which varies from an eighth to a quarter of an inch in thickness, has a dark red-brown surface 
divided into quadrangular or many-sided plate-like scales. The branchlets, when they first appear, are 
pale green or green tinged with red, and are glabrous or slightly puberulous; in their first winter they 
are bright red or yellow-green and are nearly surrounded by the narrow ring-like leaf-scars, while later 
they become light brown or gray tinged with red. The buds are formed in midsummer, and are covered 
by two opposite acute pointed scales rounded on the back and connate below for half their length; the 
terminal bud is accompanied by two pairs of lateral buds, each covered by a single scale; the scales of 
the outer pair of these lateral buds usually fall in autumn, and the inclosed shoots then often remain 
undeveloped ; on fertile shoots the terminal bud is replaced by the head of flower-buds which, by 
midsummer, protrudes from between the two upper lateral buds. The leaves are involute in vernation, 
ovate to elliptical or rarely slightly obovate, acute and often contracted into slender points at the apex, 
gradually narrowed at the base, remotely and obscurely crenulate-toothed on the somewhat thickened 
margins and mostly clustered toward the ends of the branches; when they unfold they are pale, pubes- 
cent below, and faintly puberulous above, and at maturity are thick and firm, bright green, and covered 
with minute appressed hairs on the upper surface, and pale or sometimes almost white and more or less 
pubescent on the lower, from three to six inches long and an inch and a half to two inches broad; they 
have prominent light-colored midribs deeply impressed above, five or six pairs of primary veins parallel 
with their sides and connected by obscure reticulated veinlets, and grooved petioles from one half to 
three quarters of an inch in length. In the autumn they turn bright scarlet. The head of flower-buds 
is inclosed by four involucral scales which remain light brown and more or less covered with pale hairs 
through the winter, and is borne on a stout club-shaped puberulous reddish peduncle which during the 
