CAPRIFOLIACER. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 85 
SAMBUCUS. 
FLowERs regular, perfect or rarely polygamous; calyx 3 to 5-lobed or toothed ; 
corolla gamopetalous, 3 to 5-parted, the divisions imbricated or rarely valvate in 
estivation ; stamens 5; ovary inferior or partly superior, 3 to 5-celled ; ovules solitary, 
suspended. Fruit a berry-like drupe 3 to 5-stoned, the stones 1-seeded. Leaves 
opposite, unequally pinnate, destitute of stipules, deciduous. 
Sambucus, Linnzus, Gen. 86 (1737). — Adanson, Fam. Pl. Phyteuma, Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. i. 138 (1790) (not Lin- 
ii. 158. — A. L. de Jussieu, Gen. 214.— Endlicher, Gen. nzus). 
569. — Meisner, Gen. 155. — Bentham & Hooker, Gen. ii. Tripetelus, Lindley, Mitchell Three Exped. East Australia, 
3.— Baillon, Hist. Pl. vii. 501. ii. 14 (1839). — Endlicher, Gen. Suppl. ii. 54. — Meisner, 
Gen. pt. ii. 360. 
Trees or shrubs, with stout branches containing thick white or dark yellow-brown pith, scaly buds, 
and fibrous roots ; or rarely perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, unequally pinnate, involute in vernation ; 
leaflets serrate or laciniate, the base of the petioles naked, glandular or furnished with a stipule-like 
leaflet; stipels small, usually setaceous, often wanting. Bracts and bractlets lanceolate, acute, scarious, 
caducous, the bractlets sometimes wanting. Flowers small, articulate with slender pedicels, in broad 
terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, ovoid or turbinate, the limb three to five- 
lobed or toothed. Corolla rotate or slightly campanulate, equally three to five-parted, white, yellow, or 
light rose. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla, as many as its lobes and alternate with them ; 
filaments filiform or subulate; anthers oblong, attached on the back, extrorse, versatile, two-celled, 
the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary inferior or partly superior, three to five-celled; style abbre- 
viated, thick and conical, three to five-lobed and stigmatic at the apex; ovules solitary, suspended 
from the apex of the cell, resupinate; raphe dorsal; micropyle superior. Drupe baccate, subglobose, 
red, black, or rarely yellow, three to five-stoned, crowned with the remnants of the persistent stigmas ; 
sarcocarp juicy ; stones cartilaginous, punctate-rugulose, one-seeded. Seed oblong, compressed ; testa 
membranaceous, adherent to the copious fleshy albumen. Embryo minute, near the hilum ; cotyledons 
ovoid ; radicle terete, erect. 
Sambucus, with about twelve species, is now widely and generally distributed through the temperate 
parts of North America, Europe, and Asia; it inhabits high mountain ranges within the tropics of the 
two worlds, and Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. Of the four North American species,’ the 
red-fruited Sambucus racemosa,’ a tall shrub found in all the northern and mountainous regions of 
1 Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. i. pt. ii. 8. Sambucus pubescens, Persoon, Syn. i. 328 (1805). — Pursh, FV. 
2 Linneus, Spec. 270 (1753). — Gray, Brewer § Watson Bot. Cal. Am. Sept. i. 204. 
i. 278; Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1. c.— Watson & Coulter, Gray’s .\an. Sambucus pubens, var. arborescens, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 
ed. 6, 217. ii. 13 (1841). 
Sambucus nigra, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 126 (not Linnzus) (1784). — Sambucus Williamsit, Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 5, v. 217 
Debeaux, Fl. Shangh. 33. (1866). — Franchet, Pl. David. i. 148. 
Sambucus pubens, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 181 (1803). — Gray, 
Man. 173. — Emerson, Trees Jass. 361. — Chapman, Fi. 171. 
