92, SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. CAPRIFOLIACES. 
quarter of an inch in diameter, tipped with the remnants of the stigmas, blue-black, whitened with 
a thick mealy bloom, and rather sweet and juicy. 
Sambucus glauca is distributed from the valley of the lower Fraser River and Vancouver’s Island? 
to the southern borders of California, and eastward to the Blue Mountains of Oregon and the Wasatch 
Mountains of Utah. It is an inhabitant of valleys, where it usually grows im rather dry gravelly soil. 
Very abundant in the coast region, and comparatively rare in the interior, it attams its greatest size in 
the valleys of western Oregon, while farther north, and east of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Moun- 
tains, it rarely assumes the habit of a tree. 
The wood of Sambucus glauca is light, soft, weak, and coarse-grained. 
rather conspicuous medullary rays, and is yellow tinged with brown, with thin lighter colored sapwood. 
The specific gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.5087, a cubic foot weighing 31.70 pounds. 
Sambucus glauca was first noticed in eastern Oregon by members of the party which crossed the 
continent early in the century under the leadership of Lewis and Clark.’ It is occasionally planted ® in 
the Pacific states for ornament, and for the sake of its fruit, which is reputed to be of better quality 
than that of the other species and is largely used in pies and preserves.’ 
It contains numerous 
1 Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. pt. iv. 331. 
2 «The Alder, which is also common to our country, was found 
in great abundance in the woodlands, on this side of the Rocky 
Mountains. It differs in the color of its berry: this being of a 
pale sky blue, while that of the United States is of a deep purple.” 
(History of an Expedition under the command of Captains Lewis & 
Clark to the Sources of the Missouri, thence across the Rocky Moun- 
tains and down the River Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, ii. 160.) 
This description probably refers to the Oregon Elder. Upon the 
strength of it Rafinesque published in 1838 (Alsograph. Am. 48) 
his Sambucus cerulea, the name which, if the identity of his plant 
could be satisfactorily determined, would replace the later Sambucus 
glauca of Nuttall. 
3 A specimen planted in Jacksonville, Oregon, in 1859 or 1860, 
is described in Garden and Forest (ili. 508). In 1890 its trunk, 
which was much swollen at the base, had a circumference of eleven 
feet nine inches at the ground, and three feet higher up girted 
seven feet two inches ; the branches spread thirty-three feet, and 
the total height of the tree was forty feet. 
* Wickson, California Fruits and How to Grow Them, ed. 2, 65. 
EXPLANATION 
OF THE PLATE. 
Puate CCXXII. Sampucus GLAUCA. 
OMNATHR WHE 
pt bo 
eH > 
. A flowering branch, natural size. 
. Vertical section of a flower, enlarged. 
A stamen, enlarged. 
An ovule, much magnified. 
. A cluster of fruit, natural size. 
. Cross section of a fruit, enlarged. 
. Vertical section of a fruit, enlarged. 
. A nutlet, enlarged. 
. Vertical section of a nutlet, enlarged. 
. An embryo, much magnified. 
. A winter branchlet, natural size. 
