ERICACES. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 125 
ARBUTUS XALAPENSIS. 
Madrofia. 
Ovary pubescent. Leaves oval, ovate, or lanceolate. 
Arbutus Xalapensis, Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Arbutus laurifolia, Lindley, Bot. Reg. xxv. t. 67 (not Lin- 
Gen. et Spec. iii. 279 (1818). — Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aquin. neeus f.) (1839). 
ii. 327. — Sprengel, Syst. ii. 286.— Don, Gen. Syst. iii. (?) Arbutus macrophylla, Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. 
835. — Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 66. — De Candolle, Prodr. Brux. ix. pt. i. 534 (1842).— Walpers, Rep. ii. 725. 
vii. 583. — Dietrich, Syn. ii. 1388. — Walpers, Ann. ii. (?) Arbutus prunifolia, Klotzsch, Linnea, xxiv. 73 
1105. — Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 192, t. 8. — Klotzsch, (1851). — Hemlsey, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. ii. 277. 
Linnea, xxiv. 72.— Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. ii. Arbutus Menziesii, Torrey, Bot. Mer. Bound. Surv. 108 
277. — Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. 111. — Havard, (1859) (not Pursh). — Gray, Brewer & Watson Bot. Cal. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. viii. 524. i. 452 (in part); Syn. Fl. N. Am. ii. 27 (in part). 
Arbutus mollis, Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Arbutus Texana, Buckley, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1861, 460. — 
et Spec. iii. 280 (1818). — Sprengel, Syst. ii. 286. — De Gray, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1862, 165.— Sargent, Forest 
Candolle, Prodr. vii. 582.— Dietrich, Syn. ii. 13888. — Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 97. 
Bot. Mag. \xxvii. t. 4595. — Klotzsch, Linnea, xxiv.72.— Arbutus Xalapensis, var. Texana, Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 
Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. ii. 277. ed. 2, i. pt. ii. 397 (1886). — Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. 
Arbutus varians, Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 77 (1839). — Herb. ii. 253 (Man. Pl. W. Texas). 
Klotzsch, Linnea, xxiv. 72.— Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. 
Cent. ii. 277. 
A bushy tree, in Texas rarely more than eighteen or twenty feet in height, with a short, often crooked 
trunk eight or ten inches in diameter, separating, a foot or two above the ground, into several stout 
spreading branches; or often a broad irregularly shaped bush sending up numerous contorted stems. 
At the base of old trunks the bark is sometimes a quarter of an inch thick, deeply furrowed, dark 
brown on the surface, and broken into thick square plates; on younger stems and on the branches it is 
much thinner and tinged with red, and separates into large papery scales, exposing the light red or flesh- 
colored inner bark. The branchlets, when they first appear, are light red and thickly coated with 
pubescence, and later are covered with dark red-brown bark which divides into small plate-like scales. 
The leaves are oval, ovate, or lanceolate, rounded, acute, and often apiculate at the apex and rounded or 
wedge-shaped at the base, with slightly thickened margins which are usually entire or sometimes are 
remotely crenulate-toothed, or are coarsely serrate with a few obtuse teeth mostly above the middle; 
when they unfold they are often tinged with red, especially on the petioles, midribs, and margins, and 
are sometimes pubescent on the lower surface, along the upper side of the midribs, and on the petioles ; 
at maturity they are thick and coriaceous, dark green, lustrous and glabrous above, pale and glabrous 
or covered with pale or cinereous pubescence below, an inch to three inches in length and from two 
thirds of an inch to an inch and a half in breadth, with thick light-colored midribs slightly rounded 
and sometimes puberulous on the upper side, reticulate veinlets, and stout glabrous pubescent petioles 
an inch or an inch and a half long and often furnished towards the apex with several dark glands. 
The flowers, which in Texas appear in March, are borne on stout reddish pubescent recurved pedicels 
developed from the axils of ovate acute scarious persistent bracts, and arranged in a compact termi- 
nal conical pubescent panicle two or two and a half inches long, the lower branches of which are 
developed from the axils of upper leaves; the flowers are a third of an inch in length, with acute 
scarious calyx-lobes ciliate on their margins, an oblong white corolla more or less abruptly contracted 
above the middle, and an ovary sparingly or densely covered with long white scattered hairs. The 
