SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. ERICACEE. 
146 
generally cultivated are the Azaleas and Rhododendrons of eastern North America and the Orient, and 
some of the Rhododendrons of the Himalayas, which display their magnificent evergreen foliage and 
splendid flowers in the temperate and humid regions of western and southern Europe.’ Rhododendrons 
of garden origin and mixed blood are now, however, more often cultivated. These are chiefly of four 
races, Indian Azaleas, Ghent Azaleas, Catawbiense Rhododendrons, and Javanese Rhododendrons. 
The Indian Azaleas of the garden are improved forms of Ahododendron Indicum,’ a native of China 
and Japan, which owes its name to the fact that it was first sent to Europe from India; in its native 
countries it is a variable plant with persistent or deciduous leaves and small and usually brick-red 
flowers; for centuries it has been cultivated by the Chinese and Japanese, who value it as a chief 
ornament of their gardens,’ although improvement in the size, form, and coloring of its flowers is due 
to the skill of European gardeners, who, especially in Belgium, have devoted much attention to this 
plant. The race of Ghent Azaleas has been produced by crossing the yellow-flowered Oriental Rhodo- 
dendron flavum with the North American Rhododendron calendulaceum,* Rhododendron viscosum, 
and Rhododendron nudiflorum,® and then by crossing their hybrid progeny with each other and 
with the eastern Asiatic Rhododendron Sinense,’ and later with the Californian Rhododendron 
occidentale*® and with Rhododendron arborescens® of the Alleghany Mountains. 
The product of 
these crosses and of years of careful selection, carried on principally in Belgium and England, is a race 
fragrant flowers. This plant, known as Rhododendron azaleoides 
or as Rhododendron odoratum (Andrews, Bot. Rep. vi. t. 379. — 
Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abbild. Holz. 15, t. 15.— Sweet, Brit. Fl. 
Gard. v. 117, t. 117. — Loudon, Arb. Brit. ii. 1131. — Seidel & 
Heynhold, Rhedoracee, 87. — Rand, The Rhododendron, 58.— Gard. 
Chron. n. ser. xii. 200. — W. Watson, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xii. 761), 
is still valued in gardens as a hardy free-flowering dwarf shrub. 
Other hybrids between species of different sections of the genus 
have occasionally appeared. (See Bot. Reg. iii. t. 195; xxviii. t. 
25.— Herbert, Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. iv. 45; Jour. Hort. Soc. 
Lond. ii. 86; Amaryllidacee, 356. — Bot. Mag. xlix. t. 2308.— 
Paxton, Mag. Bot. ix. 79, t.— Anderson-Henry, Jour. Royal Hort. 
Soc. n. ser. ili. 106. — André, Traité des Plantes de Terre de Bruyeres, 
164; Rev. Hort. 1893, 369. — Burbidge, Cultivated Plants, 121, 
297. — Focke, Die Pflanzen-Mischlinge, 243. — Masters, Gard. 
Chron. ser. 3, xiii. 665.) 
1 Llewelyn, Gard. Chron. n. ser. xvii. 558, 700.— W. Watson, 
i. c. 698. 
2 Sweet, J. c. v. 128, t. 128 (1833).— De Candolle, Prodr. vii. 
726. — Maximowicz, Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, sér. 7, xvi. 
37 (Rhododendree Asie Orientalis). —Franchet & Savatier, Enum. 
Pl. Jap. i. 291.— Forbes & Hemsley, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 25 
(with synonymy). 
Azalea Indica, Linneus, Spec. 150 (1753). — Bot. Mag. xxxvi. 
t. 1480 ; hi. t. 2509; lili. t. 2667.— Bot. Reg. x. t. 811; xx. t. 
1700, t. 1716 ; xxviii. t. 56.— FU. des Serres, iii. t. 239, 242 ; viii. 
t. 796. — Savi, Flora Italiana, ii. t. 67. 
8 Kaempfer, Amen. 845, t.— Rein, Industries of Japan, 263, 
270. 
* Torrey, Fl. U. S. i. 425 (1824). — Chapman, FV. 265. — Gray, 
Syn. Fl. N. Am, ii. 41.— Watson & Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 
320. 
(?) Azalea lutea, Linnezus, Spec. 150 (in part) (1753). 
Azalea calendulacea, Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 151 (1803). — 
Bot. Mag. xli. t. 1721; xlvii. t. 2143.— Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 
151. — Elliott, Sk. i. 238. — De Candolle, J. c. 717. — Gray, Man. 
268. 
5 Torrey, J. c. (1824) ; Fl. N. Y. i. 439, t. 66.— Gray, Syn. Fl. 
N. Am. ii. 40.—Watson & Coulter, J. c. 
Azalea viscosa, Linneus, I. c. 151 (1753). — Michaux, J. c. 
150. — Elliott, 7. c. 241. — Savi, /. c. ii. t. 46. —Guimpel, Otto & 
Hayne, J. c. 38, t. 32.— De Candolle, J. c. 715.— Gray, Man. 
l. c. — Emerson, Trees Mass. ed. 2, ii. 438, t. 
8 Torrey, Fl. U.S. i. 424 (1824). — Chapman, 1. c. — Gray, Syn. 
Fl. N. Am. ii. 41.— Watson & Coulter, 1. c. 
(?) Azalea lutea, Linnzeus, J. c. 150 (in part) (1753). 
Azalea nudiflora, Linneus, Spec. ed. 2, 214 (1762). — Bot. 
Mag. v. t. 180.— Bot. Reg. ii. t. 120; xvi. t. 1367.— Mordant 
de Launay, Herb. Amat. iv. t. 213. — Elliott, J. c. — Guimpel, Otto 
& Hayne, J. c. 135, t. 110. — De Candolle, 7. c. 716. — Gray, Man. 
l. c. — Emerson, l. c. 440, t. 
Azalea canescens, Michaux, J. c. 150 (1803). — Pursh, J. c. 
Azalea periclymenoides, Michaux, J. c. 151 (1803). — Pursh, J. c. 
Azalea bicolor, Pursh, J. c. 153 (1814). 
Rhododendron bicolor, Don, Gen. Syst. iii. 847 (1834). 
Rhododendron canescens, Don, 1. c. iii. 848 (1834). 
7 Sweet, J. c. ili. 290, t. 290 (1829). — Maximowicz, l. c. 28.— 
Franchet & Savatier, J. c. 289. — Forbes & Hemsley, 1. c. 30. 
Azalea Sinensis, Loddiges, Bot. Cab. ix. t. 885 (1824). 
Azalea mollis, Blume, Bidr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 853 (1826).— De 
Candolle, J. c. 718. 
Azalea Pontica, var. Sinensis, Lindley, Bot. Reg. xv. t. 1253 
(1829). 
Rhododendron molle, Siebold & Zuccarini, Abhand. Akad. Miinch. 
iv. pt. iii. 131 (1846). 
Azalea Japonica, Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. vi. 400 (1859). 
8 Gray, Brewer & Watson Bot. Cal. i. 458 (1876) ; Syn. Fl. N. 
Am. l. c. 
Rhododendron calendulaceum, Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Voy. 
Beechey, 362 (not Torrey) (1841). 
Azalea calendulacea, Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 321 (not Michaux) 
(1857). 
Azalea occidentalis, Torrey, Pacific R. R. Rep. iv. 116 (1857). 
® Torrey, Fl. U. S. i. 425 (1824). — Chapman, J. c.— Gray, Syn. 
Fl, N. Am. ii. 41.—Sargent, Garden and Forest, i. 400, f. 64. — 
Watson & Coulter, . c. 
Azalea arborescens, Pursh, l. c. 152 (1814). — Gray, Man. 268. 
Azalea fragrans, Rafinesque, Ann. Nat. 12 (1820). 
