STYRACES. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 21 
MOHRODENDRON CAROLINUM. 
Silver Bell Tree. 
Coro.a slightly lobed; ovary 4-celled. Fruit 4-winged. Leaves oval or ovate- 
oblong. 
Loddiges, Bot. Cab. xii. t. 1173. — Jaume St. Hilaire, 
Traité des Arbrisseauz, i. t. 88. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 84. — 
Guimpel, Otto & Hayne, Abdild. Holz. 42, t. 35. — Don, 
Gen. Syst. iv. 6.— Spach, Hist. Vég. ix. 426. — A. de 
Mohrodendron Carolinum, Britton, Garden and Forest, 
vi. 463 (1893). 
Halesia Carolina, Linneus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1044 (1759). 
Halesia tetraptera, Ellis, Phil. Trans. li. 932, t. 22, f. A 
(1761). — Linneus, Spec. ed. 2, 636. — Moench, Baiwme 
Weiss. 47; Meth. 507. — Marshall, Arbust. Am. 57.— 
Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, ii. 257. — Gertner, 
Fruct. i. 160, t. 32. — Lamarck, Dict. iii. 66; Il. ii. 521, 
t. 404, f. 1.— Du Roi, Harbk. Baume. ed. 2, i. 419. — 
Abbot, Insects of Georgia, i. t. 46. — Willdenow, Berl. 
Baumz. 138; Spec. ii. 849; Hnum. 496. — Cavanilles, 
Diss. vi. 338, t. 186. — Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 40. — 
Persoon, Syn. ii. 4. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i. 216. — 
Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, iti. 318. — Now- 
veau Duhamel, vy. 143 (excl. syn. Michaux), t. 43. — 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 449. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 82. — 
Bot. Mag. xxxiii. t. 910. — Elliott, Sk. i. 507. — Hayne, 
Candolle, Prodr. viii. 269.— Miers, Contrib. i. 191, t. 
31.— Agardh, Theor. et Syst. Pl. t. 22, f. 16, 17. — 
Chapman, 77. 271. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 
1860, iii. 80. — Orsted, Videnskab. Medd. fra Nat. For. 
Kjobenh. 1866, 94, f. 2.— Koch, Dendr. ii. 199. — Lauche, 
Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 220, f. 82.— Gray, Syn. F7. 
N. Am. ii. pt. i. 71.— Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 
10th Census U. S. ix. 106. — Watson & Coulter, Gray’s 
Man. ed. 6, 334. — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 486. 
Halesia stenocarpa, Koch, Wochenschr. Gértn. Pflanzenk. 
i. 190 (1858) ; Dendr. ii. 200. 
Mobria Carolina, Britton, Garden and Forest, vi. 434 
(1893). 
Dendr. Fl. 67. —Schmidt, Oestr. Bawmz. iv. 37, t.220.— Carlomohria Carolina, Greene, Hrythea, i. 246 (1893). 
A tree, occasionally eighty or ninety feet in height, with a tall straight trunk sometimes three feet 
in diameter, and short stout branches which form a narrow head; or usually much smaller and often a 
shrub with many stout wide-spreading stems. The bark of the trunk is half an inch thick, bright red- 
brown and broadly ridged, the surface of the rounded ridges separating into thin papery scales. The 
branchlets, when they first appear, are coated with thick pale tomentum, which soon disappears, and 
during: their first summer they are light reddish brown, glabrous or pubescent, and often covered with a 
glaucous bloom ; during their first winter they are lustrous, reddish brown or orange-color, and marked 
by the large obcordate leaf-scars. In the second year the thin bark grows darker, sometimes separates 
in thread-like scales, and begins to display the pale shallow longitudinal fissures which mark the older 
branches and young trunks. The winter-buds are an eighth of an inch long, and obtuse, with thick 
broadly ovate dark red scales rounded on the back and covered, especially at the base and above 
the middle, with pale hairs; those of the inner rows lengthen with the branchlets, and when fully 
grown are strap-shaped, rounded at the apex, light bright yellow, and sometimes half an inch long. 
The leaves are oval or ovate-oblong, gradually or rather abruptly contracted into long points acute or 
rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped or rounded at the base, and finely serrate with remote callous teeth ; 
when they unfold they are ciliate on the margins, coated on the lower surface and on the petioles with 
dense pale tomentum, and bronze-red, glabrous or pilose on the upper surface ; at maturity they are 
four to six inches long, two to three inches wide, thin and firm, light bright green and puberulous 
above, paler and more or less pubescent below, especially along the slender midribs and the primary 
veins which are arcuate near the margins and connected by remote reticulated veinlets. They are 
borne on stout petioles two thirds of an inch long, and, having turned hght yellow late in the autumn, 
fall toward the beginning of winter. The flowers, which appear when the leaves are about one third 
grown, from the end of March at the south to the end of May at the north or on high elevations above 
