OLEACE. 
Leaves oval or oblong, 
60 SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 
CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICA. 
Fringe Tree. Old Man’s Beard. 
FLowers perfect; corolla divided into long linear lobes. 
short-petiolate. 
Chionanthus Virginica, Linneus, Spec. 8 (1753). — Du 
Roi, Harbk. Bauwmz. i. 150. — Moench, Baume Weiss. 
22.— Marshall, Arbust. Am. 33.— Wangenheim, Nord- 
am. Holz. 92. — Walter, Fl. Car. 60. — Lamarck, J7l. 
i. 30, t. 9, £. 1.— Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 61; Spee. 
i, 46; Hnum. 14. — Abbot, Insects of Georgia, ii. t. 
98. — Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 3.— Vahl, Hnum. 1. 
44, — Persoon, Syn. i. 9.— Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. i. 
111.— Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, ii. 588. — 
Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. 7. — Roemer & Schultes, Syst. i. 
72. — Nuttall, Gen. i. 5; Sylva, iii. 56, t. 98. — Elliott, 
Sk. i. 6.— Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 2. — Sprengel, Syst. i. 
34. — Loddiges, Bot. Cab. xiii. t. 1264. — Guimpel, Otto 
& Hayne, Abbild. Holz. 93, t. 73.— Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 
50. — Spach, Hist. Vég. viii. 259. — Dietrich, Syn. i. 
37.— De Candolle, Prodr. viii. 295. — Darlington, #7. 
Cestr. ed. 3, 238. — Chapman, FV. 369. — Curtis, Rep. 
Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 95.— Koch, Dendr. ii. 
262.— Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. ed. 2, 167, f. 56.— 
Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ii. pt. i. 77. — Sargent, Forest 
Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 112. — Watson 
& Coulter, Gray’s Man. ed. 6, 337. — Koehne, Deutsche 
Dendr. 503. — Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 261 
(Man. Pl. W. Texas). 
Chionanthus Zeylonica, Linnzus, Spec. 8 (1753). — Bur- 
man f. Fl. Ind. 6. — Houttuyn, Pflanzensyst. i. 204, t. 5, 
f. 1.— Lamarck, Dict. i. 735; Jil. i. 30, t.9, f. 2.— 
Willdenow, Spec. i. pt. i. 47.— Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. i. 
107. — Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeylan. 188. 
Chionanthus Virginica, var. latifolia, Aiton, Hort. Kew. 
i. 14 (1789). — Vahl, Enum. i. 44. — Willdenow, Spee. i. 
46. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 2.— Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 50. 
Chionanthus Virginica, var. angustifolia, Aiton, Hort. 
Kew. i. 14 (1789). — Vahl, Hnum. i. 44. — Willdenow, 
Spec. i. 46.— Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 2.— Watson, Dendr. 
Brit. i. 1, t. 1. — Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 50. 
Chionanthus trifida, Moench, Meth. 478 (1794). 
Chionanthus vernalis, Salisbury, Prodr. 14 (1796). 
Chionanthus cotinifolia, Willdenow, Spec. i. 47 (1797). 
Linociera cotinifolia, Vahl, Hnum. i. 46 (1805).— De 
Candolle, Prodr. viii. 297. 
Chionanthus triflora, Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. i. 19 (1812). 
Chionanthus Virginica, var. montana, Pursh, F7. Am. 
Sept. i. 8 (1814). — De Candolle, Prodr. viii. 295. 
Chionanthus Virginica, var. maritima, Pursh, Fl. Am. 
Sept. i. 8 (1814). — Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 50.— De Can- 
dolle, Prodr. viii. 295. — Regel, Gartenflora, 1867, 357, 
t. 564. 
Chionanthus maritima, Rafinesque, New #1. iii. 86 (1836). 
Chionanthus heterophylla, Rafinesque, New 7. iii. 87 
(1836). 
Chionanthus montana, Rafinesque, New fF. iii. 87 (not 
Blume) (1836). 
Chionanthus longifolia, Rafinesque, New 7. iii. 88 
(1836). 
Chionanthus angustifolia, Rafinesque, New FI. iii. 88 
(1836). 
A slender tree, twenty or thirty feet in height, with a short trunk eight or ten inches in diameter 
and stout ashy gray or light brown branches which form an oblong rather narrow head; or often a 
shrub sending up from the ground several stout thick spreading stems. The bark of the trunk, which 
varies from a quarter to a half of an inch in thickness, is irregularly divided into small thin appressed 
brown scales tinged with red. The branchlets, when they first appear, are light green and are 
covered with pale pubescence or are sometimes glabrous; in their first winter they are terete or slightly 
angled, often much thickened below the nodes, light brown or orange-color, and marked by large 
scattered darker colored lenticels and by the elevated semiorbicular leaf-scars which display a semi- 
circular row of conspicuous fibro-vascular bundle-scars, and do not entirely disappear until the end of 
several years. The leaf-buds are broadly ovate, acute, and an eighth of an inch long, with about five 
pairs of scales, which increase in length from the outer to the inner pair, and are ovate, acute, keeled 
on the back, light brown and slightly pilose on the outer surface, bright green and lustrous on the inner 
surface, and ciliate on the margins with scattered white hairs; those of the inner pair lengthen on the 
young shoot, and at maturity are obovate, gradually narrowed below, foliaceous, and an inch to an inch 
