40 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



ULMACE^. 



tipped with or inclosing the remnants of the persistent style and sometimes marked horizontally by the 

 thickened Hne of union of the two carpels. Seed ovate, compressed, marked on the ventral edge with 

 the thin raphe, solitary, suspended from the apex of the cell, destitute of albumen ; testa membranaceous, 



or dark chestnut-brown, of two coats, rarely produced into a narrow wing. Embryo erect ; 



hght 



cotyledons flat or slightly convex 

 oblong linear pale hilum.^ 



fleshy, much longer than the superior radicle turned toward the 



Ulmus, of which fifteen or sixteen species 



be distinguished, is widely distributed through the 



boreal and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, with the exception of 



North America 



where no Elm-tree is found, reaching in the New World the mountains of southern Mexico, upon which 



the Old World the subtropical forests of the Sikkim Himalaya, the home 



; in Europe three 



species ^ occurs, and in 



The forests of eastern North America 



five 



species 



of Ulmiis lancifolia? 



species occur j of these two, Ulmus campestris ^ and Ulmus scahra^ range through the northern, 



central, and southern parts of the continent, extending to the mountains of northern Africa, to the 

 Caucasus, Persia, and Turkestan, and through Siberia, Manchuria, and northern China to Japan ; the 



third European species ^ is confined to the central and southeastern portions of the continent and to 



(Ann, ScL Nat, sdr, 3, x. 260) Ulmus 



wmg 



NaL s4t. 2. XV 



has been Ulmus vulgaris, Dumortier, Fl. Belg, 25 (1827). 



This is the common Elm-tree of Europe, usually called English 



Flowers Elm in the United States, although now not believed to be a native 



vernal, appearing before the leaves ; pedicels subcymose or fasci- of England, where it was probably carried by the Romans. (See 



cled, elongated ; perianth lobed scarcely to the middle. Eruit Bentham, III. Handb. Brit. FL ii. 746.) For centuries it has been 



densely ciliate on the margins. Leaves deciduous. planted in Europe as an ornament to parks and gardens and as a 



Dryoptelea (Spach, L c. 361). Flowers vernal, appearing be- timber-tree ; it was brought to New England during the first cen- 



fore the leaves ; pedicels closely fascicled, abbreviated ; perianth tury of the colony on Massachusetts Bay, and vigorous specimens 



middle 



margins. Leaves in the neighborhood of Boston more than a hundred and fifty years 



deciduous. 



1im 



MiCROPTELEA (Spach, L c. 358). Flowers autumnal in the axils America than many other European trees (Sargent, Rep. Sec. Mass. 



of leaves of the year; pedicels fascicled, more or less abbreviated ; Board Agric. xxv. 24). In European nurseries a number of forms 



perianth divided to below the middle. Fruit ciliate or naked on of this tree, which shows a remarkable tendency to seminal varia- 



the margins. Leaves subpersistent or tardily deciduous. tion, peculiar in habit or in the form and coloring of their leaves, 



2 Ulmus Mexicana, Planchon, De Candolle Prodr. xvii. 156 have appeared and are often planted by the lovers of curious trees 



(1873). — Hemsley, Bot. Biol. Am. Cent. iii. 138. 



Chcetoptelea Mexicana^ Liebmann, Vidensh Med. fra nat. For. 



or for timber (Loudon, I. c. 1375, 1395. — Planchon, L c). 

 fi MUler, I. c. No. 2 (1758). — Koch, Deiidr. I. c. 412. 



Dippel, 



Kjohenh. 1850, 76 ; Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. ser. 5, ii- 336. I, c-. 27. 



— Walpers, Ann. iii. 427. 



8 Roxburgh, i^^. Ind. ed. 2, ii. 66 (1832). — Wallich 



Ulmus campestris, Linnseus, l. c. ( 



Withering, Arr. Bot. Vea. Gr 



ii. 86, t. 200. 



Nat 



dolle Prodr. I. v. 162. — Kurz, Forest FL Brit. Burm. ii. 473. 



Man. Indian Timbers. 342 



Hooker f. FL Brit. Ind. v. 



480. — Forbes & Hemsley, Jour. Linn. Soc. xxvi. 447. 



Ulmus Hookeriana, Planchon, De Candolle Prodr. I. c. (1873). 

 * Linnseus, Spec. 225 (in part) (1753). — Sowerby, English Bot 



(1776). — Sowerby, L c. xvii. 1887, t. 1887. — Planchon, Ann. 

 ScL NaL L c, 274 ; De Candolle Prodr, L c. 159. — Boissier, L v. 

 1158. — Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. i. 431. — Forbes 



448 



XXVI 1 



Nat 



mowicz 



i.). 

 446 



Ulmus Hollandica, Pallas, FL Ross. i. 77 (not Miller) (1784). 



Ulmus nuda, Ehrhart, L c. 86 (1791). 

 Can- Ulmus excelsa, Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 839 (1800). 



^eters- As an ornamental tree the Wych or Dutch Elm with its numer- 



Bois- ous seminal varieties produced in cultivation (Loudon, I. c. 1398) 

 xviii. is planted in parks and gardens in all the countries of northern 

 ^avid. and central Europe, and in the eastern United States, where it is 

 Dippel, Handb. LaubholzL ii. 22. — Forbes & Hemsley, L c. less commonly seen than Ulmus campestris, and where it now some- 



dolle Prodr. L c. 156. 

 bourg, xviii. 290 (MeL 

 sier. Fl. Orient, iv. 1. 



Koch, Dendr. ii. 405. 



Nat 



Nouv. Arch. Mus 



Ulmus glabra. Miller, Diet. ed. 8, No. 4 (1758). — Loudon, Arb. 

 Brit. iii. 1403. — Dippel, L c. 25. 



Ulmus sativa, Du Roi, Harbk. Baumz. ii. 502 (1772). 



times springs up spontaneously. 



Ainos 



from the inner bark of a variety of this tree (var. laciniatay Maxi- 



Fl 



Weiss 



Beitr. vi. 87. — W 

 1324. 



Ehrhart, cover the mountains in the interior of the island (Rein, Industries 



^f 



Fl 



XXXI 



Ulmus foliaceay Gilibert, Phytolog. ii. 395 (1792). 

 Ulmus tetrandra, Schkuhr, Handb. i. 178, t. 57 (1808). 



6 Ulmus Icevis, Pallas, FL Ross. i. 75, t. 48, F. (1784). — Koch, 



L c. 419. 



Mem 



