ULMACE-ffl. 



8ILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



43 



ULMUS AMERICANA. 



White Elm. Water Elm. 



Flowers on long drooping pedicels. Fruit glabrous, ciliate on the margins. 

 Leaves oboyate-oblong to oval, usually smooth, on the upper, soft-pubescent on the 

 lower surface. Bud-scales glabrous. Branchlets destitute of corky wings. 



Ulmus Americana, Linnaeus, Spec. 226 (1753). 



Du 



Handb 



Coulter, Contrib. U. S. 



Roi, Sarbk, Baumz, ii. 506. — Wangenheim, Beschreib 



Nat Herb. ii. 406 {Man. PL W. Texas). 



Nordam. Holz. 121; Nordam. Holz. 46- — Walter, Fl. Ulmus mollifolia, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 156 (1783). 

 Car. 111. — Schkubvy Handb. i. 179. — Willdenow, -Bfer^. Ulmus Americana, ^ alba, Aiton, Hort. Kew. i. 320 



Baumz. 394 ; Spec. i. pt. ii. 1325 ; Enum. 295. 



iVbw- 



(1789). — Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. ii. 35. 



veau Duhamel^ ii. 147. — Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Ulmus Americana, y pendula, Aiton, Hort. Kew. i. 320 



Unit% ii. 396. — Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 857. 

 Michaux, FL Bor.-Am. i. 173. — Persoon, Syn. i. 291. 



(1789). — Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r, 2, xv. 364; Hist. 

 Veg. xi. 109. 



Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. ii. 442. — Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. ? Ulmus tomentosa, Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 856 



ii. 34. — Michaux f . Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 269, t. 4. — Bigelow, 



(1800). 



FL Boston. 66. — Pursh, FL Am. Sept. i. 199. — Nuttall, Ulmus pendula, Willdenow, BerL Baumz. ed. 2, 519 



Gen. i. 201. — Roemer & Schultes, Syst. vi. 300. — Elli- 

 ott, Sk. i. 333. — Hayne, Dendr. FL 31. — Schmidt, 

 Oestr. Baumz. iv. 46, t. 230. — Sprengel, Syst. i. 930. 



(1811). — Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi. 



385. 



Hayne, Dendr. FL 33. 



? Ulmus obovata, Rafinesque, New Fl. iii. 39 (1836). 



Rafinesque, New FL iii. 39. — Hooker, FL Bor.-Am. ii. Ulmus alba, Rafinesque, FL Ludovic. 115 (1817) ; New 



142. 



Dietrich, Syn. ii. 992. — Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 



FL iii. 38. 

 Ulmus dentata, Rafinesque, New Fl 



s6t. 2, XV. 364; Hist. Veg. xi. 108. — Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1 



ii. 165. — Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. s6v. 3, x. 268 ; Be Ulmus Americana, (3 scabra, Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat 



Candolle Frodr. xvii. 155. — Walpers, Ann. iii. 424. 

 Richardson, Arctic Exped. ii. 308. — Darlington, Fl 



2, XV. 364 (1841) ; Hist. Veg. xi. 109. — Walpers, Ann 

 iii. 424. 



Cestr. ed. 3, 255. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N Car. Ulmus Americana, a glabra, Walpers, Ann. iii. 424 



1860, iii. 54. 

 421. 



Fl 



Koch, Dendr. ii. 



(1852). 



Mass 



Koehne, Ulmus Americana, y ?Bartramii, Walpers, Ann. iii. 424 



Deutsche Dendr. 136, f . 27, J. — Ridgw 



Nat. Mus. 1882, 71. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 348. 



Watson 



N. Am. 10th 

 G^^ay^s Man 



(1852). 

 Ulmus Americana 



(1865). 



Chapman, FL 416 



Dippel, Ulmus Floridana, Chapman, Fl. 416 (1865). 



A tree, sometimes one hundred to one hundred and twenty feet in height^ with a tall trunk six 

 3n feet in diameter, frequently enlarged at the base into great buttresses, occasionally rising with 

 <rht undivided shaft to the height of sixty or eighty feet, and separating into short spreadii 



branches, or more commonly dividing, thirty to fifty feet above the ground 



numerous upright 



mbs which, gradually spreading, form a broad inversely conical round-topped head of long pendulo 



graceful branches, often one hundred and 



Uy 



hundred and forty feet in diameter, and 



slender branchlets which not infrequently also fringe the trunk and its principal divisions. The bark 

 of the trunk is an inch to an inch and a half in thickness, and is ashy gray, and irregularly divided by 



deep fissures into broad ridges separating on the surface 



th 



appressed scales. The branchlet 



they first appear, are Hght green, and coated with soft pale pubescence, which usually 



disappears, and 



their first 



Hght reddish brown, glabrous, or sometimes puberulous, and 



marked with scattered pale lenticels, and with large elevated semiorbicular leaf-scars in which appear 

 the ends of three large equidistant fibro-vascular bundles ; later they become dark reddish brown, and 



finally ashy gray 



The buds 



htly flattened by the pressure of the stem, an eighth 



