ULMACE^. SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



47 



ULMUS RACEMOSA. 



Rock Elm, Cork Elm. 



Flowers on long drooping pedicels. Fruit hirsute. Leaves obovate to oblong- 

 oval, smooth on the upper, soft pubescent on the lower surface. Bud-scales puberulous. 

 Branches often furnished with corky wings. 



Ulmus racemosa, Thomas, Am. Jour. ScL xix. 170, t. G^my's iHfa/i. ed. 6, 462. — T>vp^e\, Handh. Laubholzk. u 



(1831). — Nuttall, Sylva, i. 37, t. 12. — Torrey, Fl. N. Y, 34. 



ii. 166, t. 96. — Chapman, i?Y. ed. 2, SuppL 649. — Sar- Ulmus Americana, Planchon, De Candolle Prodr. xvii 



gent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 123. — 155 (in part) (not Linnaeus) (1873). 

 Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 136. — Watson & Coulter, 



A tree, ^igl^ty to one hundred feet in height, with a trunk occasionally three feet in diameter, 

 which diminishes slowly in thickness and is often free of branches for sixty feet, short stout spreading 

 limbs which form a narrow round-topped head, and slender rigid branchlets usually furnished with 

 numerous broad irregular corky wings. The bark of the trunk is three quarters of an inch to an inch 

 in thickness, and is gray tinged with red, and deeply divided by wide irregular interrupted fissures into 

 broad flat ridges, which are broken on the surface into large irregularly shaped scales. The branches, 

 when they first appear, are light brown, and coated with soft pale pubescence, which often does not 

 enthely disappear until their second season; and in their first winter they are Hght reddish brown, 

 puberulous, or glabrous and lustrous, and marked with scattered oblong lenticels and with large orbicular 

 or semiorbicular leaf -scars in which is an irregular row of four to six fibro-vascular bundle-scars ; later 

 they become dark brown or ashy gray. The two or sometimes three or four thick corky irregular 

 ridges, which are often half an inch broad, begin to appear during the first but more often during the 

 second year. The leaf-buds are ovate, acute, a quarter of an inch long, and covered by about fourteen 

 broadly ovate rounded chestnut-brown scales, pilose on the outer surface, and ciHate on the margins 

 with soft white hairs ; as the bud opens the scales gradually lengthen from without inward, and at 

 maturity the two or three inner scales which replace the stipules of the first leaves are ovate-oblong to 

 lanceolate, half an inch in length, often furnished at the base on each side with one or two minute 

 teeth, bright green below the middle, marked with a red blotch above, and white and scarious at the 

 apex. The leaves are obovate to oblong-oval, rather abruptly narrowed at the apex into short broad 

 points, equally or somewhat unequally rounded, wedge-shaped or subcordate at the base, and coarsely 

 and doubly serrate ; when they unfold they are pilose on the upper surface, and covered on the lower 

 with close soft white hairs ; and at maturity they are two to two and a half inches long and three 

 quarters of an inch to an inch wide, thick and firm, smooth, dark green and lustrous above, paler and 

 coated with short soft pubescence below, especially on the stout midribs deeply impressed on the upper 

 side, and on the numerous straight veins running to the points of the teeth and connected by obscure 

 coarse veinlets, and on the petioles, which are about a quarter of an inch in length. The stipules of 



the upper leaves are 



conspicuously veined, light green, marked with dark red on the 



maro'ins above the middle, and two thirds of an inch long ; they clasp the stem by their abruptly enlarged 

 united cordate bases furnished on each side with two or three prominent teeth, and disappear when the 

 leaves are half grown. In the autumn the leaves turn to a bright clear yellow color before falling. 

 The inflorescence-buds, which sometimes produce also one or two small leaves, are slightly larger than 

 the flower-buds. The flowers are in two to four, but usually in three-flowered puberulous cymes, which 



