ULMACEiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



51 



ULMUS ALATA. 



Wahoo. Winged Elm. 



Flowers on drooping pedicels. Fruit hirsute. Leaves ovate-oblong to oblong- 

 lanceolate, smooth on the upper, pubescent on the lower surface. Bud-scales nearly 

 glabrous. Branchlets usually furnished with broad corky wings. 



Ulmus alata, Michaux, FL Bor.-Am. i. 



soon, Syn. i. 291. — Michaux f . Hist 



Per- 



t. 5. 

 201. 



Pursh, FL Am. Sept. i. 200. — Nuttall, Gen. i. 

 Roemer & Schultes, Syst. vi. 299. — Elliott, Sk. 



S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 70. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 

 10th Census U. S. ix. 124. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's 

 Man. ed. 6, 462. — Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 

 ii. 406 {Man. PI. W. Texas). 



i. 334. — Sprengel, Syst. i. 931. — Audubon, Birds, t. Ulmus pumila, Walter, Fl. Car. Ill (not Linn; 



18. 



Dietrich, Syn. ii. 992. — Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. 



Ulmus lonerifolia. Rafinesaue. New 



s6t. 3, X. 270 ; De Candolle Prodr. xvii. 155. — Walpers, ? Ulmus dimidiata, Rafinesque, New Fl. iii. 39 (1836). 



Ann. 



« • « 



Ul. 



425. 



Curtis, Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. Ulmus Americana, y alata, Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat s4v. 2, 



1860, iii. 55. — Chapman, FL 417. — Ridgway, Froc. U. 



XV. 364 (1841) ; Hist. Teg. xi. 109. 



A tree^ forty to fifty feet in height^ with a trunk rarely two feet in diameter^, short stout spreading 

 or erect branches which form a narrow oblong and rather open round-topped head, and slender branches 

 naked or usually furnished with corky wings ; ^ or commonly, especially in the territory east of the Mis- 

 sissippi River, much smaller. The bark of the trunk, which rarely exceeds a quarter of an inch in 

 thickness, is light brown tinged with red, and is divided by irregular shallow fissures into flat ridges 

 covered with small closely appressed scales. The branchlets are slender, and when they first appear 

 are glabrous or puberulous and fight green tinged with red, and in their first winter are fight reddish 

 brown or ashy gray, glabrous or on vigorous individuals frequently coated with short soft hairs, and 

 marked with occasional small orange-colored lenticels and with smaU elevated horizontal semiorbicular 

 leaf-scars ; the corky wings of the branches, of which there are usually two, and which sometimes begin 

 to grow during their first but more often during their second season, are thin, regular, abruptly arrested 

 at the nodes, and half an inch in width, and do not disappear for many years. The buds are slender, 

 acute, an eighth of an inch long, and covered with dark chestnut-brown glabrous or sfightly puberulous 

 scales ; those of the inner series are at maturity oblong or obovate, rounded and tipped at the apex 

 with minute points, thin, scarious, light red especially above the middle, and half an inch long. The 

 leaves are ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, often somewhat falcate, acute or acuminate at the apex, 



unequally wedge-shaped 



ded or subcordate at the base, and coarsely and doubly serrate with 



incurved teeth j when they unfold they are pale green, often tinged with red, coated on the lower 

 surface with soft white pubescence, and glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface, and at maturity are 

 thick and firm or subcoriaceous, dark green and smooth above, and pale and coated below with soft 

 pubescence which is thickest on the stout yellow midribs and on the numerous straight prom 

 arcuate and often forked near the margins and connected 



ather conspicuous reticulate cross 

 they are two to two and a half inches in length and one half to three quarters of an inch in 



The stipules are Knear- 



ly an inch long. 



width, and are borne on stout pubescent petioles a third of an inch long. 



acute, thin and scarious, tino'ed with red above the middle and often 



short 



obovate, acute, thin 



In the autumn the leaves turn to a dull yellow color before falling. The flowers are produced 

 few-flowered fascicles and appear in February or March on drooping pedicels furnished with linear 

 acute scarious bracts and bractlets. The calyx is glabrous and divided nearly to the middle into broad 



^ Rothrock, Garden and Forest, li. 599. 



