ULMACEiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



53 



ULMUS FULVA. 



Slippery Elm. Red Elm, 



Flowers on short pedicels in crowded fascicles. Fruit naked on the margins, 



pubescent. Leaves ovate-oblong, scabrous on the upper, pubescent on the lower 



surface. Bud-scales coated with rusty brown hairs. Branchlets destitute of corky 

 wings. 



Ulmus fulva, Michaux, Fl, Bor.-j 

 Persoon, Sijn. i. 291. — Willdenow 



i. 172 (1803). 



Nat Miis 



Pursh, FL Am. Sept. i. 200. — Nuttall, Gen. i. 201. 

 Eoemer & Schultes, Si/st. vi. 301. —Elliott, Sk. i. 333. 



Sargent, Forest Trees 

 N. Am. 10th Census U. S. ix. 122. — Koehne, Deutsche 

 Dendr. 136, f. 27, G. — Watson & Coulter, Gray's Man. 

 ed. 6, 462. — Dippel, Handb. Lauhholzk. ii. 30, f . 8. 



Hayne,DmcZr. ^Z. 32.— Sprengel,>S2/5?5.i. 931. — Hooker, ? Ulmus pubescens? Walter, FLCar.112 (1788). 



Sud- 



Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 142. — Bigelow, FL Boston, ed. 3, 115. 



worth, Rep. Sec. Agric. 1892, 327. 



Dietrich, Syn. ii. 992. — Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat s^r. 2, Ulmus Americana, a rubra, Alton, Hort Kew. \. 319 



XV. 363; Hist Veg. xi. 107. — Torrey, FL N. Y. ii. 



Planchon, Ann. Set. Nat. sdr. 3, x. 276 ; De CaTv- 



(1789). — WiUdenow, Spec. i. pt. ii. 1325. — Stokes, Bot 

 Mat Med. ii. 35. — Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 31. 

 dolle Prodr. xvii- 161. — Walpers, Ann. iii. 426. — Dar- ? Ulmus crispa, Willdenow, Ennm. 295 (1809) ; Bert 



166. 



lington, Fl. Cestr. ed. 3, 255. — Curtis, Rep. Geolog, 

 Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 55. — Chapman, Fl. 416. 

 Koch, Dendr. ii. 422, — Emerson, Trees Mass. ed. 2, ii 



Baumz. ed. 2, 520. 

 Ulmus rubra, Michaux f. Sist. Arb. Am. iii. 278, t. 6 

 (1813). 



334, t. — Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 348. — Ridgway, ? Ulmus pinguis, Rafinesque, -FZ. Ludovic. 115 (1817) 



A tree^ sixty to seventy feet in height, with a trunk occasionally two feet in diameter, and 

 spreading branches which usually form a broad open flat-topped head. The bark of the trunk is 

 frequently an inch in thickness and is dark brown tinged with red, divided by shallow fissures and 

 covered with large thick appressed scales. The branchlets are stout, and, when they first appear, are 

 bright green, scabrate, and coated with soft pale pubescence which does not entirely disappear until 

 their first winter ; they become light brown by midsummer, and are often roughened with small pale 

 lenticels ; during their first winter they are ashy gray, orange-color, or light red-brown, and marked 

 with large elevated semiorbicular leaf-scars in which appear the ends of three conspicuous equidistant 

 fibro-vascular bundles ; ultimately they become dark gray or brown. The leaf -buds are ovate, rather 

 obtuse, a quarter of an inch long, and covered with about twelve closely imbricated scales ; the outer 

 scales are broadly ovate, rounded, dark chestnut-brown, and covered with long scattered rusty hairs ; 

 those next within them are coated on the outer surface above the middle with thick rusty brown 

 tomentum, and the scales of the inner rows, which replace the stipules of the lower leaves, are when 



fuUy 



half 



m 



ch 



ighth of an inch to a quarter of an inch wide, light green, strap 



shaped, rounded and tipped at the apex with tufts of rusty hairs, puberulous on the outer surface and 

 slio'htly ciliate on the margins, gradually growing narrower and passing into the stipules of the upper 

 leaves. The leaves are ovate-oblong, abruptly contracted into long slender points, rounded at the base 

 on one side and shorter and obhque on the other, and coarsely and doubly serrate 



wi 



th 



curved 



tipped teeth j when they unfold they are thin, coated on the lower surface with pale pub 



and pilose on 



upper surface with scattered white hairs, and at maturity they are thick and firm 



dark o^een and rugose on the upper surface with crowded sharp-pointed tubercles pointed toward the 



apex of the leaf, paler, soft 



d smooth on the 



surface, and coated with white hairs whicl 



most abundant 



slender yellow midribs deeply impressed above, and in the axils of the slende 



ght veins which are often forked near the margins j they are five to seven inches 



o 



