MOKACE-S;, 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



79 



MORUS RUBRA. 



Red Mulberry. 



Leaves ovate, smooth or scabrate on the upper, coated with pale pubescence on 

 the lower surface. Fruit oblong, dark purple. 



Morus rubra, Linngeus, Spec. 986 (1753). — MiUer, Dic^. 



Du 



ed. 8, No. 3. — Kalm, Travels^ English ed. iii. 64. 



Roi, Ohs. 32 ; Harhk. Baiimz. i. 430. — Wangenheim, 



Beschreih. Nordam. Holz, 95 ; Nordam. Holz, 37, t. 15, 



Coulter, Gray's Man. ed. 6, 464. — Dippel, Handb. Laith* 

 holzk. ii. 14, f. 5. — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 139. 



Coulter, Contrih. U. S. Nat. Herb. ii. 408 {Man. PI. W. 

 Texas) . 



f. 35. 



Moench, Bdume Weiss. 63; Meth. 343. — Mar- Morus Canadensis, Poiret, Lam. Diet. iv. 380 (1797). 



Will- 



shall, Arbust. Am. 93. — Walter, FL Car. 241 



denow, Berl. Baumz. 197 ; Spec. iv. pt. i. 369 ; Enum. 

 967. 



Seringe, Descr. et Cidt. Mur. 224. — Rafinesque, New Fl, 

 iii. 47 (1836) ; Am. Man. Mulberry Trees, 29. 



Poiret, Lam. Diet. iv. 377. 



?/ Morus scabra, Willdenow, Enum. 967 (1809) ; Berl. 



Georgia, ii. t. 70. — Castiglioni, Viag. negli Stati Uniti, 



Baumz. ed. 2, 252. — Nuttall, Gen. ii. 209. — Rafinesque, 



n. 



301. 



Handb 



1. 



637. 



Mi 



New FL iii. 47 (1836) ; 



Man. Mulberry 



chaux, Fl. Bor.'Am. ii. 179. — Nouveau Duhamel, iv. 91, 



29. 



Hayne, Dendr. FL 154. — Sprengel, Syst. i. 492. 



t- 23. — Persoon, Syn. ii. 558. — Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. Morus tomentosa, Rafinesque, Ft 



u. 



416. 



Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2, vi 



New Fl. 47 ; Am. Man. Midberry 



364. 



Michaux f. Hist. Arb. Am. iii. 232, 1. 10. — Pursh, Morus rubra, var. pallida, Rafinesque, New 



46 



FL Am. Sept. ii. 639. — NuttaU, Gen. ii. 209. — Hayne, 



(1836) ; Am. Man. Midberry Trees, 28. 



Dendr. FL 155. — Elliott, Sk. ii. 574. — Sprengel, Syst. Morus rubra, var. heterophylla, Rafinesque, New Fl. iii. 



i- 492. — Jaume St. Hilaire, Traite des ArbreSj t. 46. 



46 (1836) ; Am. Man. Mulberry Trees, 28. 



Rafinesque, Am. Man. Mulberry Trees, 27. — Dietrich, Morus 



Syn. i. 551. — Spach, Hist. Veg. xi. 48. — Moretti, Prodr. 



Man. Midberry 



Monog. Morus, 20. — Emerson, Trees Mass. 280. — Dar- Morus rubra, var. purpurea, Rafinesque, Am. Man. Mul- 



lington, FL Cestr. ed. 3, 285. — Seringe, Descr. et Cult. 



berry Trees, 28 (1839). 



Mur 



N. Morus reticulata, Rafinesque, Am. Man. Mulberry Trees, 



Car. 1860, iii. 71. — Chapman, Fl. 415. — Koch, Dendr. 



28 (1839). 



ii. 447. — Bureau, De Candolle Prodr. xvii. 245. — Ridg- Morus rubra, var. tomentosa. Bureau, De Candolle 



way, Proc. U. S> Nat. Mus. 1882, 73. — Lauche, Deutsche 



Prodr. xvii. 246 (1873), 



Dendr. 343. — Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census Morus rubra, var. incisa, De Candolle, Prodr. xvii. 247 



U. S. ix. 127 ; Garden and Forest, ii. 448. — Watson & 



(1873). 



A tree, sixty to seventy feet in height^ with a short trunk rarely exceeding three or four feet in 

 diameter, and stout spreading smooth branches which form a dense broad round-topped shapely head.^ 

 The bark of the trunk, which is one half to three quarters of an inch in thickness, is dark brown tinged 

 with red, and divided into irregular elongated plates separating on the surface into thick appressed 

 scales. The branchlets are slender and slightly zigzag, and, when they first appear, are dark green often 

 tinp-ed with red, glabrous, or more or less coated with pale pubescence, and covered with oblong straw- 

 colored spots ; in their first winter they are light red-brown to orange-color and marked by pale lenticels 

 and large elevated horizontal nearly orbicular concave leaf-scars, in which a row of prominent fibro- 



bundle-scars appears; in their second or third year they 



dark brown faintly tinged with 



red 



The buds are 



ded or pointed at the apex, covered by six or seven chestnut-brown 



and a quarter of an inch in length ; the scales of the 



three outer rows are broadly 



roun 



ded 



d shghtly thickened on the back, puberulous, cihate on the margins with short pale ha 



and much shorter than those of the 



these are ovate-oblong:, thick and rounded on the back 



&^ 



1 The largest tnmk of Moms rubra I have seen was that of a Augusta, Georgia, which in 1880 had a diameter of seven feet one 

 venerable tree growing on the estate of Mr. P. J. Berckmans in inch, three feet above the surface of the ground. 



