M0RACE-3a. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



87 



Landreth,^ who raised plants from them ; it was sent to England in 1818/ and two years later was cul- 

 tivated in the nurseries of Jacques Martin Cels^ in Paris.^ 



Toxylon is remarkably free from the attacks of destructive insects ^ and fungal diseases.^ 



The generic name, first misprinted loxylon, from to^ov and ^v%ov^ alludes to the Indian use of the 



wood 



The genus is represented by a single species 



catne to the United States in 1796. MacMahon enjoyed the friend- and produced no fruit until some years later, when the flowers 

 ship of Jefferson and other distinguished Americans, and it is sup- were artificially impregnated hy pollen brought from another tree 

 posed that the arrangement for the Lewis & Clark Expedition was supposed to have been growing in MacMahon's garden, 

 made at his house in Philadelphia. In 1809 he established a seed 

 and nursery business in his garden, which he supplemented by a 

 seed store on Second Street, near Market. The site of his gar- 

 den is now occupied by the yards of the Philadelphia & Reading ^ The larvse of a large beetle, Dorchaschema Wildii, Uhler, some- 

 Railroad at Huntington Station in Philadelphia. MacMahon was times bore into the trunks and injure or destroy Toxylon. Various 

 the author of the American Gardeners^ Calendar, published in 1806, grasshoppers, crickets, and other insects sometimes eat the leaves, 

 which subsequently passed through several editions, and is still one and the larvsB of such small moths as Teras hastiana, Linnaeus, and 

 of the most comprehensive and useful books of its class that has Lophoderus triferanus, Walker, occasionally injure them. A Pyra- 



2 Loudon, Gard. Mag, i, 356. 



^ See ii. 4. 



4 Delile, Bull Soc. d'Agric, Herault, 1835, 195. 



wr 



Maho 



la, a genus of handsome evergreen shrubs of lid, Loxostege Maclurce, Riley (Insect Life, v. 155, f. 11), appears to 

 western North America and eastern Asia, now considered a section be peculiar to the genus. Scale insects, or Coccids, like Pulvinaria 



of Berberis, was dedicated to him by Thomas Nuttall. 



innumerabilis, Rathvon, are sometimes found on Toxylon. Silk- 



^ David Landreth (1752-1836) was a native of Brunswick on the worms feed and thrive on the leaves (Riley, BulL No. 9, Division of 

 Tweed, and the son of a Northumberland farmer. Having learned Entomology, U. S. Dept, Agric, 58). 



the art of tree-growing, he emigrated to Canada in 1781, removing 



^ The commonest parasite of Toxylon, Sphceria collecta, Schwei- 



shortly afterward to Philadelphia, where, in 1786, in partnership nitz, appears in the form of small black pustules on twigs and 



with his brother Cuthbert, he established the nursery and seed busi- smaller branches, which it appears to destroy, although the fungus 



ness, which is still carried on by his descendants, who have always is best seen on the twigs after they are dead. Valsa Maclurce^ 



occupied prominent and honorable positions in the agricultural and Berkeley & Curtis, CollospJiceria corticata, Ellis & Everhart, Septo- 



horticultural industries of the country. In 1804 or 1805 David sphceria Maclurce, Ellis & Everhart, and Sphcerella Maclurce, Ellis 



Landreth received from the Lewis & Clark Expedition seeds of the & Everhart, are small Pyrenomycetes sometimes found on Toxy- 



Osage Orange, which produced a number of plants. One of these, Ion ; and a rust fungus, Uredo Citri, Cooke, has been seen once on 



planted in front of the old Landreth mansion house on the ground its leaves. 



now occupied by the Landreth School, at 22d and Federal Streets, 

 Philadelphia, flowered before the others ; it was a pistillate tree. 



' Rafinesque, New FL iii. 42. 



