114 



SILVA OF NORTH A3IERICA. 



JUGLANDACE^E. 



dorsal, linear or club-shaped, spreading, recurved, fimbriately plumose ; ovule solitary, erect from the 



bottom of the cell, orthotropous. 



Fruit 



ovoid, globose 



or pyriform, cylindrical or obscurely four- 



angled, marked at the apex with the remnants of the style ; involucre fleshy, indehiscent, glabrate or 

 hirsute, adherent to the nut, or free at maturity and separating from it irregularly. Nut ovoid or 

 globose, more or less flattened, hard, thick-walled, the walls and partitions often lacunose with irregular 

 variously shaped internal longitudinal cavities filled with dry powder, longitudinally and irregularly 

 rugose, separating by the dorsal sutures in germination into two, or rarely into three valves ; the valves 

 alternate with the cotyledons, sometimes furnished at the dorsal sutures, and in some species also at the 

 marginal sutures, with broad thick ribs ; the cavity imperfectly two-celled at the base by the develop- 

 ment, at right angles with the valves, of a thin dissepiment from the bottom to above the middle, the 

 cells sometimes subdivided by lower thicker partitions parallel with the valves, the apex of the cavity 

 narrow and pointed by the thickening of the walls of the endocarp, broader and penetrated in some 

 species by a short thick dissepiment paraUel with the valves and deeply notched at the bottom. Seed 

 solitary, filling the cavity of the nut, exalbuminous, compressed, two-lobed from the bottom to the 

 middle, the lobes oblong, rounded or keeled on the back, concave on the inner face, rounded or deeply 

 lobed at the base, gradually narrowed or broad and deeply lobed at the apex, and then abruptly con- 

 tracted into a broad point flattened at right angles with the plane of the lobes ; testa thin, membra- 

 naceous, of two coats, the outer light brown, marked with conspicuous darker veins radiating from the 

 apex and from the minute basal hilum. Embryo fleshy, oily ; radicle short, stout, superior, filling the 

 apex of the cavity of the nut. 



Juglans is now confined to the temperate and southern parts of North America, the Antilles, South 

 America from Venezuela to Peru, the Caucasus, Persia and northwestern India, Manchuria, northern China. 



d Jap 



About ten species are known ; ^ two are widely distributed in the forests of 



North 



Several supposed hybrids between different species of Juglans 



Walnut 



have appeared. In 1816, to commemorate the birth of his eldest soil composed of sand and alluvial loam on the Rowe Farm on the 

 son, Monsieur Pierre Phillipe Andrd de Vilmorin, the distinguished north bank of the lower James River, in Virginia, and described 

 horticulturist, planted in his garden at Verri^res, near Paris, a seed- by him in Forest Leaves (ii. 133, f.), has the habit, bark, and foliage 



oi Juglans regia, and produces nuts which resemble those of Juglans 



thick hard shells and small kernels. Nothing 



Walnut 



with 



Juglans regia and Juglans nigra, and has been described as Juglans 



intermedia Vilmoriniana (Carri^re, Rev. HorL 1863, 30. — Koch, is known of the history of this remarkable tree, which, in 1888, at 



Dendr. i. 588. — Dippel, Handh, Lauhholzk. ii. 319). It is now a six feet above the surface of the ground and above its greatly 



tree seventy-five to eighty feet in height, with a trunk three feet swollen base, had it trunk circumference of twenty-four feet eight 



four inches in diameter at three feet above the surface of the inches, while its longest branch was sixty-seven feet in length. The 



ground, and stout erect slightly spreading branches ; the character nut of this tree has the appearance of hybrid origin, and resem- 

 of the bark and buds appears intermediate between those of its 



Walnut 



supposed parents ; the leaves resemble those of Juglans regia, Carri^re as Juglans regia gibbosa (L u. 1860, 99, f . 21-23 ; 1861, 

 although their leaflets are usually more numerous; the nut is 428, f. 101-103), which sprang from one of a number of nuts planted 



with 



nurseryman 



imder 



thick husk of Juglans nigra; in shape it resembles the nut of have been received by him 



Juglans regia, but is thicker shelled and more deeply furrowed. mangeables." 



The fruit of this tree, whieli is produced sparingly and not every In eastern Massachusetts 



year, is fertile and germinates freely, producing plants which re- gin, in remote situations and isolated from each other, appear inter- 



Walnut-trees of unknown 



known 



Vilmorin, Garden and Fairest, iv. 61, f. 11, 12). 



(Z. 



4-9 



P supposed similar parentage and of unknown 

 d by Carri^re as Juglans iniemnedia pyriformis 

 Koch, Z. c. — Dippel, Z. c.) ; and still another 



mediate in character between Juglans cinerea and Juglans regia, 

 and are probably hybrids of these species (Sargent, Garden and 



434 



W; 



Burbank 



hybrid of the same parentage, which is said to have originated in Rosa. The first was obtained in 1874 by fertilizing the flowers of 

 the garden of the Trianon at Versailles, is described by C. de Can- Juglans reqio 



intermedia (Ann. Sci. Nat 



41^3) 



A Walnut-tree, supposed to be a hybrid between Juglans cinerea 



Juglans regia with the pollen of Juglans Californica ; it is remark- 

 able for the great size of its leaves and the vigor and rapidity of 

 its growth. The nuts, which are produced very sparingly, resem- 



and Juglans nigra, in the Botanic Garden of Marburg, has been Flowers 



(Burbank, New 



described as Juglans cinereo-nigra (Muderoth, Liimma, xxix. 728). 



Mr. Burbank's second hybrid 



was produced by fertilizing the flowers of Juglans nigra with the 



