120 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



JUGLANDACE^. 



exposure, with thin light-colored sapwood composed of five or six layers of annual growth, and contains 

 numerous regularly distributed large open ducts and thin obscure remote medullary rays. The specific 

 gravity of the absolutely dry wood is 0.4086, a cubic foot weighing 25.46 pounds. It is now largely 

 employed for the interior finish of houses and for furniture. 



The inner bark is white, but becomes light yellow on exposure to the air and ultimately dark 

 brown ; it possesses mild cathartic properties, and is used, especially that of the root, with good results 

 in the treatment of habitual constipation,^ and in homoeopathic practice.^ Sugar of excellent quality has 

 been made from the sap j ^ the kernel of the nut, which contains a large quantity of oil and soon 



becomes rancid, has a sweet and agreeable flavor while fresh ; the 



used by the Indians 



4 



and 



the green husks of the fruit are employed domestically to dye cloth yellow or orange-color. 



What is probably the earliest mention of the Butternut appears in New England^ s Prospect^ by 

 William Wood, published in London in 1639.^ Introduced into European gardens at the close of the 

 seventeenth century,^ Juglans cinerea was first described in 1731 by PhiKp Miller.'^ The rapid growth 



in good soil, and the broad symmetrical head of the Butternut, make 



desirable ornamental 



where sufficient space 



be allowed for the spread of its branches. Like many other trees, however 



which unfold their leaves late in the spring, it loses them again after the first cold days of autumn 



^ Schoepf, Mat Med. Amer 

 43.— Rush, Med. Obs. i. 112.- 

 Rafiuesaue, Med. BoL ii. 234. 



Med. BoL 589. 



Med. 



B. S. Barton, Coll. i. 31 ; ii. of the chips of the Waluut-tree (the barke taken off) Some English 



in the Country make exeeUent Beere both for Taste, strength, 

 Griffith, colour, and in offensive opening operation.'' (Roger Williams, A 

 Porcher, Re- Key into the Language of America ^ ed. Trumbull, 120.) 



Med. Bot 

 , Fl. Med 



sources of Southern Fields and Forests, 317. — Bentley & Trimen, 

 Med. PL iv. 47, t. 247. 

 U. S. Dispens. ed. 16, 850. 



Man. Med 



Man 



156. 



Mass. Ai 

 Wallnuts 



ann 



But as Walnuts and Hickories were confounded by all writers 

 before the beginning of the present century, Roger Williams's ob- 

 servations refer probably to both these trees. 



® " There is likewise a tree in some parts of the country, that 

 beares a Nut as big as a small Peare " (pt. vi. 14). 



Aiton 



NUX y 



Loudon, Arh. BriL 1439, f. 1262. 

 Ta, fructu oblongoy profundissime 



insculptOf Diet. No. 8. — Duhamel, Traite des Arbres^ ii. 61. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 



Plate CCCXXXI. Juglans cikerea. 



1. A flowering branch, natural size. 



2. Diagram of a staminate flower. 



3. Diagram of a pistillate flower. 



4. A staminate flower, enlarged. 



5. Perianth of a staminate flower displayed, enlarged 



6. A stamen, enlarged. 



7. A pistillate flower, enlarged- 



8. Vertical section of a pistillate flower, enlarged. 



9. A pistillate flower, the bracts removed, enlarged. 



Plate CCCXXXII. Juglaks cinerea. 



1. ,A fruiting branch, natural size. 



2. A nut, natural size. 



3. Cross section of a nut, natural size. 



4. A winter branchlet, natural size. 



6. Vertical section of a branchlet, showing the pith, natural size. 



