JUGLANDACEiE. 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA, 



131 



HICORIA. 



Flowers monoecious, apetalous ; calyx of the staminate flower unequally 2 to 3- 



; stamens 3 to 10 ; calyx of the pistillate 



lobed, the lobes imbricated in aestivation 



flower 1-lobed 



ovary 



infer 



1 -celled, surrounded by a 4-lobed involucre ; ovule 



solitary, erect. Fruit a nut inclosed in the 4-valved thickened involucre. Leaves 

 alternate, unequally pinnate, destitute of stipules, deciduous. 



Hicoria (Scoria), Rafinesque, N. T. Med. Rep. hex. ii. v 

 352 (1808) ; Alsograph. Am. 65. — Baillon, Hist. PL xi 

 405 (Scoria). 



Carya, Nuttall, Gen. ii. 220 (1818). — Meisner, Gen. 74. 



Endlicher, Gen. 1126. 



Nat 



sdr. 4, xviii. 36. — Bentham & Hooker, Gen. iii. 398 

 Engler, Engler & Prantl Pfianzenfam. iii. pt. i. 25. 



Aromatic resinous trees, with watery juice, scaly bark, tough strong hard brown wood, tough terete 

 flexible branchlets, solid pith, scaly buds, long stout perpendicular roots and thick fibrous rootlets 

 covered with thick dark-colored bark. Buds covered with few valvate, or with numerous imbricated 

 accrescent and often bright-colored scales ; the axillary buds superposed two or three together and often 

 stalked, or solitary. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, many or few-foliolate, often glandular dotted, 

 deciduous, the lowest often scale-Hke and short-lived, with broad flat stalks and few small leaflets, 

 the uppermost frequently reduced to small bract-Hke acute bodies, more or less persistent during the 

 winter. Petioles elongated, terete, flattened and grooved on the upper side, and gradually enlarged 

 toward the base, often persistent on the branches during the winter, leaving in falling large elevated 

 oblong or semicircular more or less three-lobed emarginate leaf-scars displaying small marginal clusters 

 and central radiating lines of dark fibro-vascular bundle-scars. Leaflets involute in vernation, ovate 

 or obovate, usuaUy acuminate, thick and firm, serrate, mostly unequal at the entire base, usually 

 increasing in size from the lower to the upper, sessile or short-petiolulate, or the terminal leaflet raised 

 on a long stalk, penniveined, the veins forked and running to the margin of the leaflet and connected 

 by reticulate cross veinlets, turning clear bright yeUow in the autumn, and often separating from the 

 petiole in faUing. Staminate flowers appearing in late spring after the unfolding of the leaves from 

 buds in the axils of the last leaves of the year, or at the base of branches of the year from the inner 

 scales of the terminal bud, in solitary or fascicled pedunculate ternate aments, the lateral aments 

 produced from the axfls of lanceolate acute persistent bracts. Calyx usuaUy two, rarely three-lobed, 

 subtended by an ovate acute elongated bract free nearly to the base, and usually much longer than the 

 ovate rounded calyx-lobes. Stamens three to ten, inserted in two or three series on the slightly 

 thickened torus-like inner and lower face of the calyx; filaments abbreviated, free; anthers ovate- 

 oblong, emarginate or divided at the apex, pilose or hirsute, two-celled, the ceUs opening longitudinaUy, 

 as long or longer than their slender connective. Ovary wanting. Pistillate flowers mostly proterogy- 

 nous, sessile, in two to ten-flowered clusters or spikes borne on a peduncle terminal on a leafy branch of 

 the year. Calyx reduced to a single posterior lobe. Ovary inferior, one-celled, formed of two 

 transverse carpels, crowned with two sessile persistent median commissural spreading stigmas papiUo- 

 stio'matic on the inner face, inclosed in a perianth-like slightly four-ridged involucre, composed by 

 the more or less complete union of an anterior bract and two lateral bractlets, adnate below to the 

 ovary, unequaUy four-lobed at the apex, cup-shaped, viUous on the outer surface, the bract exterior in 



