134 



SILVA OF NORTH AMERICA. 



JUGLANDACE^. 



prey upon and do considerable injury to all the species of the genus, which, however, are comparatively 



free from fungal diseases.^ 



Hickories can be raised from seeds/ which should not be allowed to become dry, as they soon lose 

 their power of germination, and the varieties can be propagated by grafts. 



The generic name ^ is formed from the popular name of these trees.* 



being oue of the most conspicuous, as on the leaf-stalks and layer on the under surface of the leaflets and causing them to curl 

 young shoots it makes large hollow leathery galls which do not and ultimately to shrivel up. Two spot-diseases on the leaves of 

 disappear during the winter. Various species of galls formed by Hickory-trees are due to Phyllosticta Caryce^ Peck, and Ramularia 



Cecidomyidfe are common on these trees and peculiar to them. 



albo-maculata. Peck ; neither of them does the trees any serious 



Among plaut-lice Monella caryella. Fitch, and some species of damage. 



Callipterus, are common on the foliage. Numerous species of 

 Hemiptera belonging to the Jassidse or Leaf-hoppers, and to the 



2 Cobbett, Woodlands, 298. — Fuller, Practical Forestry, 115. 



3 The generic name proposed by Rafiuesque, who first separated 



Membracidse or Tree-hoppers are found on them, but apparently the Hickories from the Walnuts in 1808, was originally printed 



do them little injury. 



Scoria, but this was evidently a misprint, as in 1817 Rafinesque 



The young fruits and the mature fruit-husks of Hicoria are often himself corrected it to Hicoria in the Flora Ludoviciana, 109 ; and 

 much mined and eaten by the larvae of Grapliolitha caryana. Fitch, again in 1816 in the AlsograpJiia Americana, vfheve he reestablished 



a small Tortrix moth, and by some other allied species. The nuts 



dividing 



are frequently infested by a weevil, Balaninus nasicus. Say, while character of the kernel of the nut. 

 Balaninus rectus, Say, is also reported as attacking the fruit. 



The distinctions between Walnut-trees and Hickories were dis- 



^ The disease which probably attracts more attention than any regarded by all the botanists of the eighteenth century, although 

 other that affects Hicoria appears in the form of very rough tumors Caspar Bauhin had recognized the fact as early as 1623 that there 

 on the side of the smaller branches or nearly surrounding them, were Walnuts of two very different sorts in Virginia {Pinax, 417). 



some trees being covered with hundreds of such knot-like excres- 



^ Hickory is from the Virginian powcohicora or pawcohiccora, the 



cences, presenting a curious appearance after the leaves have fallen, name of the milk, or oily liquor obtained by pounding the kernels. 

 and often remaining on the branches for years. It was long sup- Hickory nuts were called paean by the Indians of the seaboard, a 



knots 



were the result of the visitation of some general name for all nuts hard enough to require a stone or ham- 

 insect. This is now denied by entomologists ; yet as microscopical mer to crack them ; and this name was appropriated by the French 



fuugu 



settlers of the Mississippi basin for the nuts of one of the species 



and as the Hickory tumors resemble those formed on the Olive in (Hicoria Pecan). The thin-shelled nut of the eastern Shag-bark 



Europe, which some vegetable palaeontologists believe are due to Hickory was distinguished by northern Algonkins as one to be 



bacteria, although others do not agree with them, it is possible that cracked with the teeth (Abn. s' kwskaddmenne) ; this by the de- 



the tumors of Carya may have a similar origin despite the fact scendants of the Dutch settlers in New York was changed into 



at no exact observations have yet confirmed this view. 

 Microstroma Juglandis, Saccardo, is one of the most widely 



Cuskatominy or Cruskatominy, or, as written by Michaux {Hist, 

 Arb. Am, i. 190), Kiskythomas nut. (See Trumbull, Trans. Am. 



tribnted fungi on the leaves of Hicoria, appearing as a thin white Philological Soc. 1872, 25.) 



