JUGLANDACEiE. 



SILVA OF NOBTH AMERICA, 



157 



HICORIA LAOINIOSA. 



Big Shellbark. Bottom Shellbark. 



Leaflets 5 to 9, obovate or oblong-lanceolate, puberulous on the lower surface 

 Fruit oblong, depressed at the apex ; nut thick- walled, ridged or angled, dull white. 



Hicoria laciniosa. 



Michaux f. Hist 



(1810). 



Poiret, Lam. Diet. Suppl. iv. 112. — W 



36, t. 5, f . 51, 52 ; Frodr. xvi. pt. ii. 143. — Ridgway, Proc. 



Lauche, Deutsche Dendr. 



U. S, Nat. Mus 



308. 



Barton, Compend. Fl. Fhila. ii. 178. — Audubon, Birds, 

 t. 101. 



Juglans sulcata, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 637 (not Willde- 

 now) (1814). 



Gary a sulcata, Nuttall, Gen. ii. 221 (1818). — Elliott, Sk. 



Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am. 10th Census U. S. 



ix. 133. — Watson & Coulter, Graifs Man 



Sort 



cordiformis 

 a sulcata. I 



(1888). 



ii. 624. — Sprengel, Syst. iii. 849. — Spach, Hist. Veg. ii. Hicorius sulcatus, Sargent, Garden and Forest, ii. 460 



174 



Loudon, Arh. Brit. iii. 1448, f. 1271. — Curtis, 



(1889). 



Rep. Geolog. Surv. N. Car. 1860, iii. 43. — Chapman, Hicoria acuminata, Dippel, Eandh. Lauhholzk. ii. 336 



Fl. 418. — C. de Candolle, Ann. Sci. Nat. s^r. 4, xviii. 



(1892). — Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 72 D. D'. 



A tree, occasionally one hundred and twenty feet in height, with a straight slender trunk often 

 free of branches for more than half its height and rarely exceeding three feet in diameter, and 

 comparatively small spreading branches which form a narrow oblong head. The bark of the trunk is 

 from one to two inches thick and light gray, and separates into broad thick plates, which are frequently 

 three or four feet long and sometimes remain for years hanging on the trunk j the bark of young stems 

 and of the small branches is smooth and light or dark gray. The branchlets are stout, and when they 

 first appear are slightly angled, dark or light orange-red, and pilose or covered with pale or rufous 

 pubescence or tomentum; they soon become light orange-color and roughened by scattered elevated 

 oblong pale lenticels, and during their first winter are orange-brown, glabrous or puberulous, and marked 

 with oblong three-lobed emarginate leaf -scars ; in their second year they turn ashy gray. The terminal 

 buds are ovate, rather obtuse, sometimes an inch long and two thirds of an inch broad, and three or 

 four times as large as the axiUary buds ; they are usually covered by eleven or twelve scales, the outer 

 ones being dark brown, puberulous on the exterior surface, generally keeled, and long-pointed at the 

 apex ; the scales next within these are ovate, rounded, and coated with thick orange-colored tomentum, 

 and, lengthening slightly in the spring, fall as the branch begins to grow ; the six or seven inner scales 

 are accrescent and become reflexed, the edges curling backward, and when fuUy grown are obovate, 

 pointed and rounded at the apex, light green tinged with red or bright red or yellow and glabrous and 

 lustrous on the inner face, and covered with silky pubescence on the outer, slightly resinous, two to 

 three inches long and an inch broad, and fall with or before the catkins of staminate flowers. The 

 leaves are fifteen to twenty-two inches in length, and are composed of from five to nine but usually of 

 seven leaflets, and of stout glabrous or pubescent petioles flattened and grooved and then abruptly 



enlarged at the base, and very often persistent on the 



branches during the winter ; the leaflets are 



usually placed at some distance apart on the petiole and are ovate or oblong-lanceolate, or broadly 

 obovate, especially the upper ones, which are generally two or three times as long as those of the lowest 

 pair, and are usually equilateral, acuminate with long slender points, equaUy or unequally wedge-shaped 

 or rounded at the base, which is often oblique, finely serrate with incurved callous-tipped teeth, and 

 sessile or sometimes raised on short stout stalks j when they unfold they are lustrous and red on the 



